Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanoparticles by Flame Synthesis as Anode Material for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Nitrogen-doped turbostratic carbon nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared using fast single-step flame synthesis by directly burning acetonitrile in air atmosphere and investigated as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The as-prepared N-doped carbon NPs show excellent Li-ion stoarage properties with initial discharge capacity of 596 mA h g(-1), which is 17% more than that shown by the corresponding undoped carbon NPs synthesized by identical process with acetone as carbon precursor and also much higher than that of commercial graphite anode. Further analysis shows that the charge-discharge process of N-doped carbon is highly stable and reversible not only at high current density but also over 100 cycles, retaining 71% of initial discharge capacity. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy also shows that N-doped carbon has better conductivity for charge and ions than that of undoped carbon. The high specific capacity and very stable cyclic performance are attributed to large number of turbostratic defects and N and associated increased O content in the flame-synthesized N-doped carbon. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report which demonstrates single-step, direct flame synthesis of N-doped turbostratic carbon NPs and their application as a potential anode material with high capacity and superior battery performance. The method is extremely simple, low cost, energy efficient, very effective, and can be easily scaled up for large scale production.

Current status of cow dung as a bioresource for sustainable development

“…This porous carbon is synthesised by many different methods such as using silica or surfactant, aerogels, organometallic compounds, chemical activation and physical activation. All these processes are costly and consume expensive precursors and time (Lee et al 2006;Fang et al 2009;Kim et al 2012;Yang et al 2012;Bhattacharjya et al 2013;Inamdar et al 2013;Bhattacharjya and Sung 2014;Yang et al 2014). Now focus is shifting towards natural biomass as a potential source for carbon precursors.…”

Porous nitrogen doped carbon sphere as high performance anode of sodium-ion battery

“…Fig. 4a shows the survey spectrum with three main peaks 284.6, 399.6 and 532.6 eV corresponded to the C1s, N1s and O1s, respectively [39]. The relative mass percentage of C, N, and O is 77.18%, 8.68%, and 14.14%, respectively, calculated using the corresponding peak areas.…”

“…In the first cycle process, the discharge capacity of P-N-CS and N-CS are as high as 635.8 and 603.2 mAh g À1 , respectively, while the charge capacity of P-N-CS and N-CS are only 253.8 and 307.2 mAh g À1 . The large irreversible loss in the first discharge/charge process is a common phenomenon for the amorous carbon using as the anode materials for SIB and LIB [26,32,38,39], which reflected in discharge cures is the board plateau around 1 V. It is accepted that the irreversible loss is due to the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer and other side reactions on the surface of electrode materials [11,23]. Notable, the discharge/charge curves of P-N-CS are steeper than that of N-CS by contrast with the Fig.…”

Recycled diesel carbon nanoparticles for nanostructured battery anodes

“…Many advanced nanosynthesis approaches have been developed to prepare designed nanostructured materials, such as nanotemplating [11], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [12], electrospinning technique [13], and flame synthesis [14]. For example, many sacrificial material templates such as anodized aluminum oxide, porous silica, and polystylene particles have been used to synthesize hollow CNFs and carbon capsules [15e18]; the CVD method was used to fabricate CNTs, CNFs, and graphene [10,19]; the electrospinning is a powerful technique to prepare onedimensional (1D) composite nanofibers and nanotubes [7,8]; and carbon nanoparticles can also be prepared by fast single-step flame synthesis [14].…”

“…For example, many sacrificial material templates such as anodized aluminum oxide, porous silica, and polystylene particles have been used to synthesize hollow CNFs and carbon capsules [15e18]; the CVD method was used to fabricate CNTs, CNFs, and graphene [10,19]; the electrospinning is a powerful technique to prepare onedimensional (1D) composite nanofibers and nanotubes [7,8]; and carbon nanoparticles can also be prepared by fast single-step flame synthesis [14]. Several morphological forms of nanostructured carbon materials such as 1D CNFs and CNTs [20,21], 2D graphene [19], carbon nanoparticles [14], and porous nanocarbons [22] can be achieved using these advanced methods. Among these, considerable attention has been paid to porous carbon materials as the porous structure not only provides additional sites for the storage of Li ions but also facilitates the permeation of electrolytes.…”