Nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots for bioimaging and delivery of paclitaxel

Gómez, I. Jénnifer; Arnáiz, Blanca; Cacioppo, Michele; Arcudi, Francesca; Prato, Maurizio

doi:10.1039/c8tb01796d

Cited by 155 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In recent years, nonmetallic heteroatom-doped carbon materials have been intensively studied for energy-related electrocatalytic water-splitting processes such as the oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR) [19][20][21], oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) [22][23][24], and HER [25][26][27] because of their excellent electrical conductivity, high surface area, tunable molecular structures, and strong tolerance to various electrolytes. More importantly, it is noteworthy that carbon materials can be engineered to exhibit specific catalytic capabilities for specific electrocatalytic reactions by varying the doping types, sites, and levels [21][22][23][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biopolymer-Inspired N-Doped Nanocarbon Using Carbonized Polydopamine: A High-Performance Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen-Evolution Reaction

2020

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Hydrogen-evolution reaction (HER) is a promising technology for renewable energy conversion and storage. Electrochemical HER can provide a cost-effective method for the clean production of hydrogen. In this study, a biomimetic eco-friendly approach to fabricate nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets, exhibiting a high HER performance, and using a carbonized polydopamine (C-PDA), is described. As a biopolymer, polydopamine (PDA) exhibits high biocompatibility and can be easily obtained by an environmentally benign green synthesis with dopamine. Inspired by the polymerization of dopamine, we have devised the facile synthesis of nitrogen-doped nanocarbons using a carbonized polydopamine for the HER in acidic media. The N-doped nanocarbons exhibit excellent performance for H 2 generation. The required overpotential at 5 mA/cm 2 is 130 mV, and the Tafel slope is 45 mV/decade. Experimental characterizations confirm that the excellent performance of the N-doped nanocarbons can be attributed to the multisite nitrogen doping, while theoretical computations indicate the promotion effect of tertiary/aromatic nitrogen doping in enhancing the spin density of the doped samples and consequently in forming highly electroactive sites for HER applications.Polymers 2020, 12, 912 2 of 12 candidates has not been reported to date. Clearly, the HER performance of carbon materials is not comparable to that of metal-based catalysts and does not presently conform to the benchmarks [31,35] established by metal-based catalysts. In addition, previously reported carbon-based electrocatalysts still exhibit several limitations during the synthesis process. For example, the synthesis of CVD-graphene-based catalysts is significantly expensive and requires multiple gas sources with particular pressure control and multiple transfer processes after the synthesis [34]. (Reduced) graphene oxide-based catalysts are a satisfactory alternative to CVD-graphene-based catalysts; however, their synthesis is time-consuming, toxic, and highly exothermal [36,37]. Furthermore, carbon sources exert a significant influence on the preparation process and the (electro)chemical properties of the resultant electrocatalyst. Among the potential candidates, polydopamine (PDA) has emerged as a new carbon precursor in recent years [28,[38][39][40][41]. PDA is the self-polymerized product of dopamine, which can be synthesized under mild aqueous conditions simulating marine conditions. Due to the presence of catechol groups, the resultant PDA exhibits strong adhesion to bulk substrates or organic and inorganic materials. Therefore, the PDA does not only serve as the functional layer for many applications [42][43][44] but is also a promising carbon source for the preparation of carbon-based materials. So far, although the structure of the PDA is still under debate, carbonized PDA (C-PDA) has been utilized as nitrogen-doped graphite [40,42].In this study, we demonstrate that through a variety of chemical doping processes-active sites for the HER-can be generated in the C-PDA. Furthe...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biopolymer-Inspired N-Doped Nanocarbon Using Carbonized Polydopamine: A High-Performance Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen-Evolution Reaction

2020

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“…Fluorescent CDs with superior photostability are currently developed for optical imaging as an alternative to metal-based semiconductor quantum dots (Edison et al, 2016 ;Qian et al, 2014;Ray et al, 2009;Stefanakis et al, 2014;Yang et al, 2009). CDs are also emerging as versatile nanoplatforms for the delivery of therapeutic agents such as paclitaxel or doxorubicin (Gomez et al, 2018;Yuan et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2017). When surface-passivated with nitrogen-containing reagents, CDs may be cationic and may form complexes with nucleic acids through electrostatic interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical characteristics that affect carbon dot safety: Lessons from a comprehensive study on a nanoparticle library

Fan

Claudel

Ronzani

et al. 2019

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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“…Fluorescent CDs with superior photostability are developed for optical imaging applications as an alternative to semiconductor quantum dots that raise health and environmental concerns due to the heavy metal typically found in their composition (Edison et al 2016;Qian et al 2014;Ray et al 2009;Stefanakis et al 2014;Yang et al 2009). Besides, CDs have gradually emerged as a versatile platform for the design of novel nanocarriers for the delivery of therapeutic agents such as paclitaxel or doxorubicin (Gomez et al 2018;Yuan et al 2017;Zhang et al 2017). Interestingly, exacerbation of the photoluminescence properties of CDs can be achieved through surface-passivation of the particles with nitrogen-containing reagents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lysosome mediates toxicological effects of polyethyleneimine-based cationic carbon dots

et al. 2018

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Cationic carbon dots (CDs) have been recently described as nucleic acid carriers with high in vitro and in vivo transfection efficiency and imaging properties. However, developing nanoparticles for biomedical applications requires assessing their safety. In the present study, we characterized the cell uptake and trafficking, as well as the cell viability loss, oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial and lysosomal perturbations evoked by cationic CDs prepared by microwave-assisted pyrolysis of citric acid and high molecular weight branched polyethyleneimine (bPEI25k), using THP-1-derived macrophages. CDs were rapidly internalized by cells and addressed to the lysosomes after their cell entry. The NPs induced a dose-and timedependent loss in cell viability that was associated with oxidative stress and IL-8 release. The CDs triggered also a dose-dependent loss in lysosome integrity, mitochondrial dysfunction and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Inhibition of the lysosomal protease cathepsin B significantly reduced CD-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, suggesting a pivotal role of the lysosome in the toxicological effects of the NPs. Our study provides for the first time a mechanistic pathway for the toxicological effects of bPEI25k-based cationic CDs.

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Nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots for bioimaging and delivery of paclitaxel

Abstract: A carbon nanodot–paclitaxel drug delivery system with enhanced anticancer activity as compared to the free drug is reported.

Cited by 155 publications

References 64 publications

Biopolymer-Inspired N-Doped Nanocarbon Using Carbonized Polydopamine: A High-Performance Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen-Evolution Reaction

Biopolymer-Inspired N-Doped Nanocarbon Using Carbonized Polydopamine: A High-Performance Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen-Evolution Reaction

Physicochemical characteristics that affect carbon dot safety: Lessons from a comprehensive study on a nanoparticle library

Lysosome mediates toxicological effects of polyethyleneimine-based cationic carbon dots

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