Nitrogen-doped carbon fibers and membranes by carbonization of electrospun poly(ionic liquid)s

Yuan, Jiayin; Márquez, Alfonso García; Reinacher, Jochen; Giordano, Cristina; Janek, Jürgen; Antonietti, Markus

doi:10.1039/c1py00196e

Cited by 87 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Recently, using the well-established electrospinning technique, nitrogen-doped carbon fibers and membranes were obtained from imidazolium-and pyridinium-based poly-ILs as precursors by Yuan et al (Figure 6). 62 However, poly-ILs for electrospinning and carbonization should be carefully designed to solve various problems, in particular, the deformation of polymer chains at elevated temperatures and destruction of the anisotropic shape. The introduction of allyl functions was found to enable poly-IL to crosslink and to maintain their fiber morphology at high temperatures before typical condensation reactions of ILs.…”

Section: Poly(ionic Liquid)smentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon materialization of ionic liquids: from solvents to materials

2015

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Synthesis, characteristics, porous design, and potential applications of novel carbon materials derived from ionic liquids precursors have been reviewed, including future trends and prospects in this direction.Carbon materials have been extensively used in diverse areas , especially in energy-related applications. Traditionally, these materials have been synthesized by carbonization of lowvapor-pressure natural or synthetic polymers. However, the polymer-related procedures are multistep and time consuming because of limited solubility and complicated synthesis. Recently, ionic liquids (ILs), composed of entirely cations and anions, have emerged as a new family of carbon precursors. The carbon-rich nature of ILs, coupled with their attractive properties such as diverse cation-anion combinations, low volatilities, and high thermal stabilities, not only greatly simplifies the entire carbonization process, but also gives rise to carbons with attractive features, which are distinct from those of carbons obtained using conventional polymer precursors, such as very high nitrogen contents and conductivities. In this review, we highlight recent approaches to the preparation of carbon materials using ILs as versatile precursors. We begin with a brief introduction to these novel precursors, discussing the key structures and properties of ILs that enable successful carbonization, and then address synthetic techniques for the fabrication of advanced porous carbons from ILs by either self-or external-template methods, followed by a review of the potential applications of ionic-liquidderived carbons. The review concludes with an overview of possible directions for future research in this field.In contrast, because of their high surface areas, electrical conductivities, low costs, and excellent chemical, mechanical, and thermal stabilities, carbon materials have been extensively used in diverse areas such as environmental treatment, catalysis, sensing, separation, gas capture/storage, and, particularly, as electrode materials or electrocatalysts for energy conversion/storage. [13][14][15][16][17][18] Carbon materials are generally prepared by carbonization of carboncontaining precursors at high temperature. The nature of the organic precursor is crucial to the preparation process (e.g., interactions between precursor and template 19 ), and the structures, properties, and performances of the final carbons. The chemical compositions of the precursors are often reflected in the final carbons, and strongly affect characteristics such as the carbon yield, porosity, surface area, graphitization, conductivity, and heteroatom doping. Most organic compounds are completely evaporated or decomposed to gaseous products during high-temperature carbonization, therefore currently available precursors are rather limited, and are mainly low-vaporpressure natural or synthetic polymers. 20 However, polymer-related procedures are multistep and time consuming. Moreover, for carbons derived from "hard carbon" precursors such as sucrose and furfuryl a...

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Section: Poly(ionic Liquid)smentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon materialization of ionic liquids: from solvents to materials

2015

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“…Nitrogen-containing carbon (CN x , x<1) materials, e.g., N-containing carbon blacks [1,2], activated carbons [3][4][5], pyrolytic carbons [6], graphites [7][8][9], glass-like carbons [10,11], and carbon fibers [12], are one of the most extensively studied modified/functionalized carbon materials because of their unique physico-chemical properties and versatile applicability [13,14]. Their properties depend mostly on the type and content of different nitrogen functional groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-dimensional nitrogen-containing carbon nanostructures

Ćirić‐Marjanović

Pašti

Mentus

2015

Progress in Materials Science

112

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“…Electrospinning was applied to PILs precursors, such as vinylimidazolium-or vinylpyridinium-type cations having secondary allyl functions as well as dca anion, and NdC-based fibers and membranes were obtained. 81 A variety of sizes of NdC-based hollow spheres were synthesized by PILsprecursors through a facile method. 82 Silica templates were coated by PILs by one-step, radical-free polymerization of IL monomers in ethanol.…”

Section: Nanoarchitectonics Of Functional Carbons Using Ils/pils and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon- and Nitrogen-Based Porous Solids: A Recently Emerging Class of Materials

Sakaushi

Antonietti

2014

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan

Self Cite

118

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In this account, the emergence of a new family of porous solid-state materials based on carbon and nitrogen is discussed. This started with the observation that carbon nitride, a polymeric material with a composition close to C 3 N 4 , is not only unexpectedly thermally and chemically stable, but a semiconductor at the same time and able to catalyze a variety of chemical reactions, such as DielsAlder cyclizations, oxidations, and photochemical water splitting. Carbon nitride is however already sufficiently reviewed but related materials with similar potential have essentially been not sufficiently covered. The remaining structures are manifold and cover the range from on the one hand covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) as new semiconducting porous solid-state materials to the other porous nitrogen-doped carbons (NdCs) as catalysts which are known to be applicable in a variety of electrocatalytic reactions. CTFs are porous polymeric frameworks constituted of triazine rings and other aromatic rings. Chemical binding motifs and crystal structures can be used to control the band structure of such an (organic) solid-state material. Porous NdCs are usually made by adding nitrogen sources to classical carbonization recipes, and they are attracting a lot of interest because of their catalytic activity for electrochemical processes, such as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This account will summarize state-ofthe-art work on those systems being next-generation catalysts for different kinds of reactions, which are affordable and high-performance catalysts with unique principle for emergence of catalytic activities, combining theoretical and experimental studies together with basic and applied science in a range of scientific fields from chemistry to physics. Indeed, the first exploration of the above materials as candidates for components of fuel cells and rechargeable metalair batteries are discussed.

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Nitrogen-doped carbon fibers and membranes by carbonization of electrospun poly(ionic liquid)s

Cited by 87 publications

References 32 publications

Carbon materialization of ionic liquids: from solvents to materials

Carbon materialization of ionic liquids: from solvents to materials

One-dimensional nitrogen-containing carbon nanostructures

Carbon- and Nitrogen-Based Porous Solids: A Recently Emerging Class of Materials

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