Nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts derived from ionic liquids in the presence of transition metals for the oxygen reduction reaction

Lim, Kang-Won; Kim, Han Sung

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.04.038

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…[1,2,5,7,9,19,20,22,24,25,106,133,136,144,145] Studies in electrolytes with al ow pH value show drastically lower activity. [146][147][148] M-N x /C catalysts were developed in the late 1970s and became widely investigated in the 1980s. Throughout the 1980s,itwas widely believed that both the metal and nitrogen were crucial for the formation of active sites.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[141][142][143] Metal-free NC catalysts have mostly been investigated in alkaline electrolytes,w here they show more promising performance. [146][147][148] M-N x /C catalysts were developed in the late 1970s and became widely investigated in the 1980s. [146][147][148] M-N x /C catalysts were developed in the late 1970s and became widely investigated in the 1980s.…”

Section: Nitrogen-doped Carbon (Nc) Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Somes tudiest huss uggest that metalso nly promotethe formation of graphitic nitrogen andahigh degree of sp 2 -hybridizedcarbonnecessaryfor ensuringhighelectrical conductivity. [61,148,175] One may argue that if thisi st ob et rue, at heory would be required to explainw hy Fe-a nd Co-containingM -N x /C catalysts andn ot Ni, Mn, andM otend to yield catalystsw itht he highest ORR activity.P enge tal. [162] proposed that metalsa re involved in av ariety of functions, including catalyzingthe formation of NC structures, regulating the morphology,s urface area, andp ores tructure of the NC catalyst,a nd participationo ft he metal residues in the ORR.…”

Section: Indirect Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

On the Role of Metals in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The notion of metal-free catalysts is used to refer to carbon materials modified with nonmetallic elements. However, some claimed metal-free catalysts are prepared using metal-containing precursors. It is highly contested that metal residues in nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) catalysts play a crucial role in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In an attempt to reconcile divergent views, a definition for truly metal-free catalysts is proposed and the differences between NC and M-Nx /C catalysts are discussed. Metal impurities at levels usually undetectable by techniques such as XPS, XRD, and EDX significantly promote the ORR. Poisoning tests to mask the metal ions reveal the involvement of metal residues as active sites or as modifiers of the electronic structure of the active sites in NC. The unique merits of both M-Nx /C and NC catalysts are discussed to inspire the development of more advanced nonprecious-metal catalysts for the ORR.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nitrogen-doped Carbon (Nc) Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Indirect Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

On the Role of Metals in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The transition metal does not participate itself in the ORR. It serves to catalyze the formation of nitrogen doping structures in the carbon framework that are active toward the ORR by increasing the surface concentration of nitrogen groups and active sites [12,[18][19][20][21][22][23]. Furthermore, the presence of transition metals can enhance the electron donor property of the carbon matrix by catalyzing nitrogen doped graphitic carbon structure during the pyrolysis step [19].…”

Section: Characterization Of Ilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9][10][11]. As the content and species of the nitrogen significantly affects to the ORR activity, efforts to enhance the nitrogen content in carbon structures is taken by employing new precursors with a high nitrogen content, such as ionic liquids (ILs) [12]. The resulting materials can possess high nitrogen content, local graphitic order, and excellent conductivities even at elevated carbonization temperatures.…”

Section: Characterization Of Ilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-step synthesis of dual-transition metal substitution on ionic liquid based N-doped mesoporous carbon for oxygen reduction reaction

Byambasuren

Jeon

et al. 2016

Carbon letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nitrogen (N)-doped ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) with a dual transition metal system were synthesized as non-Pt catalysts for the ORR. The highly nitrogen doped OMCs were prepared by the precursor of ionic liquid (3-methyl-1-butylpyridine dicyanamide) for N/C species and a mesoporous silica template for the physical structure. Mostly, N-doped carbons are promoted by a single transition metal to improve catalytic activity for ORR in PEMFCs. In this study, our N-doped mesoporous carbons were promoted by the dual transition metals of iron and cobalt (Fe, Co), which were incorporated into the N-doped carbons lattice by subsequently heat treatments. All the prepared carbons were characterized by via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To evaluate the activities of synthesized doped carbons, linear sweep was recorded in an acidic solution to compare the ORR catalytic activities values for the use in the PEMFC system. The dual transition metal promotion improved the ORR activity compared with the single transition metal promotion, due to the increase in the quaternary nitrogen species from the structural change by the dual metals. The effect of different ratio of the dual metals into the N doped carbon were examined to evaluate the activities of the oxygen reduction reaction.

show abstract

Functionalized Ionic Liquid‐based Catalytic Systems with Diversified Performance Enhancements

Zhang

2018

Sustainable Catalysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts derived from ionic liquids in the presence of transition metals for the oxygen reduction reaction

Cited by 45 publications

References 38 publications

On the Role of Metals in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction

On the Role of Metals in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction

One-step synthesis of dual-transition metal substitution on ionic liquid based N-doped mesoporous carbon for oxygen reduction reaction

Functionalized Ionic Liquid‐based Catalytic Systems with Diversified Performance Enhancements

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About