Nitrogen Dioxide Increases Eosinophil Activation in the Early-Phase Response to Nasal Allergen Provocation

Wang, Jia Hua; Duddle, Judith; Devalia, Jagdish L.; Davies, Robert J.

doi:10.1159/000236944

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Eosinophils and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in peripheral blood did not increase after airway exposure to 500 µg·m -3 NO 2 and allergen [11], indicating either that the enhancing effect of NO 2 on the late asthmatic reaction was not mediated by eosinophils or that a recruitment of eosinophils from the blood to the lung had already taken place. In a nasal lavage study, ECP was found to be increased after NO 2 and allergen, supporting the hypothesis that activated eosinophils are involved in the adjuvant effect of NO 2 [25]. Studies of the local allergic reaction in the lung after NO 2 by means of bronchial lavage and other techniques are needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Repeated exposure to an ambient level of NO2 enhances asthmatic response to a nonsymptomatic allergen dose

Strand¹,

Svartengren²,

Rak³

et al. 1998

Eur Respir J

111

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Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) is a major air pollutant produced by combustion, the main sources being traffic exhaust outdoors and gas appliances indoors. Evidence from several epidemiological studies suggests that ambient levels of nitrogen dioxide may increase the risk for exacerbations of asthma [1,2]. Controlled human exposure studies on the other hand have not shown that lung function is affected by ambient levels of NO 2 [3,4]. However, an increase in airway responsiveness to nonspecific stimuli like histamine and methacholine has been reported in asthmatics at NO 2 concentrations <1,000 µg·m -3 [5][6][7]. It is possible that NO 2 may exert its effects by an interaction with other air pollutants, such as particles, SO 2 and O 3 . In a study by JÖRRES et al. [8], the lung function response was increased after NO 2 followed by SO 2 in asthmatics, and in healthy females when NO 2 was followed by O 3 exposure 3 h later [9], but not in asthmatics exposed to NO 2 and O 3 simultaneously [10]. Furthermore, in a recent study, bronchial response to birch and timothy pollen was enhanced by prior exposure to 500 µg·m -3 NO 2 for 30 min [11]. Similar results were shown for house dust mite after exposure to 800 µg·m -3 (0.4 ppm) NO 2 for 1 h [12]. These latter reports show that ambient levels of NO 2 can also enhance the airway responsiveness to allergens in humans. However, the allergen doses given in the experiments mentioned above considerably exceed those encountered in normal life. This makes it difficult to draw any firm conclusions on the clinical implications of the findings. As an increase in nonspecific bronchial responsiveness and the presence of late asthmatic reactions have also been reported after low doses of pollen allergen [13,14], the use of a nonsymptomatic allergen dose would imitate seasonal exposure better.In order to mimic real-life exposure, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of daily repeated exposure to a nonsymptomatic allergen dose preceded by a short exposure to 500 µg·m -3 NO 2 . We wanted to determine whether the NO 2 effect on asthmatic response was reproducible with this significantly lower allergen dose and whether the magnitude of the response to NO 2 changed during repeated exposure. Methods SubjectsSubjects were recruited through the hospital outpatient clinic and by local advertising. All subjects gave informed Repeated exposure to an ambient level of NO 2 enhances asthmatic response to a nonsymptomatic allergen dose. V. Strand, M. Svartengren, S. Rak, C. Barck, G. Bylin. ©ERS Journals Ltd 1998. ABSTRACT: We investigated the effects of NO 2 and allergen on lung function in a repeated exposure model. For 4 subsequent days, 16 subjects with mild asthma and allergy to birch or grass pollen were exposed at rest to either purified air or 500 µg·m -3 NO 2 for 30 min in an exposure chamber. Four hours later, an individually determined nonsymptomatic allergen dose was inhaled. Lung function (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)) was measured by a portable spirome...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Repeated exposure to an ambient level of NO2 enhances asthmatic response to a nonsymptomatic allergen dose

Strand¹,

Svartengren²,

Rak³

et al. 1998

Eur Respir J

111

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“…In Egypt, SAMIR et al [42] used bloodcadmium level as a parameter of degree and proximity of exposure to air pollution; they found a significant causal relationship between air pollution and allergic rhinitis. In human exposure studies using either controlled chamber protocols or nasal provocation tests, significantly increased levels of mast cell tryptase and eosinophil cationic protein in nasal lavage fluid were found in subjects with a history of allergic rhinitis who had been exposed to 400 ppb NO 2 for 6 h [19,43]. All these results suggest that exposure to heavy traffic might provoke an asthma attack or aggravate pre-existing allergic rhinitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…NOx have been proved to be acute respiratory irritants in animal and controlled human exposure studies [19,43]. Although not known to be a respiratory irritant, CO is known to affect cardiovascular function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate, traffic-related air pollutants and allergic rhinitis prevalence in middle-school children in Taiwan

Lee¹,

Shaw²,

Su³

et al. 2003

Eur Respir J

124

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The prevalence of allergic rhinitis, a common respiratory disorder, may be rapidly increasing. Epidemiological studies, however, indicate little about its association with climatic factors and air pollution. The relationship between trafficrelated air pollutants and allergic rhinitis in middle-school students was therefore investigated.In a nationwide survey of middle-school students in Taiwan conducted in 1995/1996, the lifetime prevalence of physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis and typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis were compared with air-monitoring station data on temperature, relative humidity, sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O 3 ), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 mm (PM10).A .2)%. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis was 28.6 and 19.5% in males and females, respectively, with prevalence of questionnaire-determined allergic rhinitis 42.4 and 34.0%. After adjustment for age, parental education and history of atopic eczema, physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis was found to be associated with higher nonsummer (September-May) warmth and traffic-related air pollutants, including CO, NOx and O 3 . Questionnaire-determined allergic rhinitis correlated only with traffic-related air pollutants.Nonsummer warmth and traffic-related air pollution, probably mediated through exposure to common allergens such as dust mites, are possible risk factors for allergic rhinitis in middle-school-aged children. Eur Respir J 2003; 21: 964-970.

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“…92-95 SO 2 also has an effect on the response to airway allergen in allergic asthmatic subjects. [96][97][98][99] Exposure to 0.4 ppm NO 2 and a combination of 0.2 ppm SO 2 and 0.4 ppm NO 2 have both been shown to enhance immediate bronchial responses of subjects with mild asthma to inhaled allergen. Exposure to NO 2 has also enhanced late-phase responses of asthmatic subjects to inhaled allergen.…”

Section: Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and occupational allergies

Peden

Reed

2010

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

161

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Nitrogen Dioxide Increases Eosinophil Activation in the Early-Phase Response to Nasal Allergen Provocation

Cited by 28 publications

References 6 publications

Repeated exposure to an ambient level of NO2 enhances asthmatic response to a nonsymptomatic allergen dose

Repeated exposure to an ambient level of NO2 enhances asthmatic response to a nonsymptomatic allergen dose

Climate, traffic-related air pollutants and allergic rhinitis prevalence in middle-school children in Taiwan

Environmental and occupational allergies

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