Nitrogen degradability and intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein in rapeseed, rapeseed meal and extracted rapeseed meal

Homolka, P.; Harazim, J.; Třináctý, J.

doi:10.17221/2320-cjas

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…From this it might also be deduced, that ruminal CP degradation is more affected by process technology than by quality of raw material. Owing to intensive energy input in form of heat and pressure during the production process, especially in the step called 'toasting' which is applied after extraction to remove the solvent, ruminal degradation of CP is reduced considerably in comparison with native seed protein or rapeseed expeller (Homolka et al, 2007). Effective CP degradation in the present study was 54.3% and 64.1% for rumen outflow rates 8 and 5%/h, respectively.…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Variation of in situ rumen degradation of crude protein and amino acids and in vitro digestibility of undegraded feed protein in rapeseed meals

Steingaß

Kneer

Wischer

et al. 2013

Animal

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In this study, 10 samples of rapeseed meal (RSM) from 10 different oil plants in Germany were examined. In situ rumen degradation of CP was determined by incubation over 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 72 h in duplicate per time point using three rumen fistulated dry cows. Degradation kinetics were estimated by an exponential model and effective CP degradation was calculated. Degradation was corrected for small particle loss as the difference between washing loss and water-soluble fraction. Amino acid analysis was carried out in the samples and in the residues after 8 and 16 h of incubation in situ and degradation of individual amino acids was calculated for these incubation times. In vitro pepsin-pancreatin digestibility of CP (IPD) was determined in the samples as well as in the 8 and 16 h residues. Effective CP degradation for a rumen outflow rate of 8%/h (ED8) averaged 54.3% with a considerable variation among samples ranging from 44.3% to 62.7%. A multiple regression equation containing acid detergent insoluble N, total glucosinolates and petroleum ether extract as independent variables predicted ED8 with satisfying accuracy (R 2 5 0.74; RSD 5 6.4%). Degradation of amino acids was different from that of CP for most amino acids studied, especially after 8 h of incubation. Compared with CP, degradation of essential amino acids was predominantly lower while degradation of non-essential amino acids was higher in most cases. However, for lysine and methionine no distinct difference with CP degradation was found. Degradation of individual amino acids was predicted from CP degradation with high accuracy using linear regression equations. Average IPD of RSM was 79.8 6 2.6%. IPD was lower in the incubation residues and decreased with longer incubation time and increasing rumen degradation, respectively.Keywords: protein evaluation, ruminants, prediction, degradation, pepsin-pancreatin solubility ImplicationsThis study demonstrates, that rapeseed meal (RSM) is a good source of rumen undegradable protein (RUP), however, considerable variation of RUP among meals was observed mainly because of different process technologies in the oil plants. Equations for prediction of degradation of CP and amino acids have been developed that help farmers and feed manufactures estimate protein and amino acid degradation and improving precision of formulation of diets and compound feeds. It was demonstrated, that digestibility of RSM-RUP is lower compared with the meal which may lead to an overestimation of the contribution of RUP to amino acid supply.

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Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Variation of in situ rumen degradation of crude protein and amino acids and in vitro digestibility of undegraded feed protein in rapeseed meals

Steingaß

Kneer

Wischer

et al. 2013

Animal

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“…The mobile bag technique (Frydrych, 1992;Homolka et al, 2007) was used to determine intestinal digestibility of lucerne in three dry Black Pied cows fitted with permanent large ruminal cannulas (120 mm internal diameter) and a T-piece cannula in the proximal duodenum.…”

Section: Intestinal Digestibility Of Lucerne Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino acid contents and intestinal digestibility of lucerne in ruminants as influenced by growth stage

Homolka¹,

Koukolová²,

Nemec³

et al. 2008

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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Lucerne (Medicago sativa L. var. Palava), harvested at four successive dates over a 30-day period, was evaluated for chemical composition (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, nitrogen-free extract, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin), amino acid contents and intestinal digestibility in dairy cows. Dry matter (r = 0.78), organic matter (r = 0.95), crude fibre (r = 0.91), neutral detergent fibre (r = 0.94), acid detergent fibre (r = 0.79) and acid detergent lignin (r = 0.48) presented positive linear correlation coefficients (r) with growth stage, whereas crude protein (r = -0.96), ether extract (r = -0.86) and nitrogen-free extract (r = -0.70) showed negative relationships. Total essential amino acid content decreased (r = -0.94) from 84.1 to 55.3 g/kg of dry matter with maturity, with r-values higher than -0.90 obtained between growth stage and contents of lysine, methionine, threonine and valine. With the exception of tyrosine (r = -0.68), r-values between growth stage and individual non-essential amino acids were all higher than -0.90. Total amino acid (r = -0.98) and nitrogen (r = -0.99) contents presented comparable tendencies with successive sampling times. Whereas no definite trends were detected for the amino acid composition of rumen incubated (16 hours) lucerne samples, the intestinal digestibility of total essential (r = -0.78), total non-essential (r = -0.58) and total (r = -0.69) amino acids as well as nitrogen (r = -0.99) decreased with growth. However, due to a small sample size (n = 4), most linear relationships between constituents and growth stage were insignificant. It can be concluded that, although limited in the sample size, this report presents information on the decrease in amino acid contents and intestinal amino acid digestibility as growth proceeds in lucerne (var. Palava) produced in the Czech Republic, which could be utilized in the feeding of ruminants.

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“…In spite of its high CP content, well-balanced amino acid composition (Homolka et al, 2007) and favourable profile of FA, the use of rapeseed products in animal feeding is limited because of the glucosinolates (Gls) content. Gls, a large group of sulphur-containing secondary plant metabolites, are known to reduce the intake (Hill, 1991), induce hypertrophy of liver, kidney and thyroid (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in fatty acid profile and iodine content in milk as influenced by the inclusion of extruded rapeseed cake in the diet of dairy cows

Veselý¹,

Křížová²,

Třináctý³

et al. 2009

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of extruded rapeseed cake in diets of dairy cows on changes in milk fatty acid profile and iodine content in milk and on the thyroid gland status. An experiment was carried out on four lactating Holstein cows divided into 2 groups – experimental (R) fed a diet based on extruded rapeseed cake and control (S) fed a diet based on extruded full-fat soya. The experiment was divided into 4 periods of 42 days (21 days of preliminary period and 21 days of experimental period). Samples of milk and blood were taken three times a week during the experimental period. DMI was not affected by the treatment (P > 0.05). Milk yield and 4% FCM were lower in R compared to S (P < 0.05). Percentages of milk fat and protein were higher in R than in S (P < 0.05). The total content of SFA and UFA was not affected by the treatment (P > 0.05). However, the content of MUFA in R was higher (34.71 g/100 g) and the content of PUFA was lower (4.00 g/100 g) than in S (32.14 and 5.54 g/100 g, respectively (P < 0.05). The contents of C18:2 and C18:3 isomers and metabolites in R were lower than in S (P < 0.05). The content of cis-9, trans-11 CLA and trans-10, cis-12 CLA was lower in R (0.71 and 0.016 g/100 g) compared to S (0.97 and 0.022 g/100 g, respectively, P < 0.05). The index of atherogenicity and peroxidisability in R was lower than in S (P < 0.05). The index of desaturation was not affected by the treatment (P > 0.05). The mean daily intake of glucosinolates (Gls) in R was 50.14 mmol and resulted in a significant decrease in iodine concentration in milk in R (196.7 μg/l) in comparison with S (367.0 μg/l, P < 0.05) resulting in the lower daily iodine output in milk in R compared to S (4.4 and 9.2 mg/day, respectively, P < 0.05). Concentrations of T3 and T4 in blood plasma were not affected by the treatment (P > 0.05).

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Nitrogen degradability and intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein in rapeseed, rapeseed meal and extracted rapeseed meal

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Variation of in situ rumen degradation of crude protein and amino acids and in vitro digestibility of undegraded feed protein in rapeseed meals

Variation of in situ rumen degradation of crude protein and amino acids and in vitro digestibility of undegraded feed protein in rapeseed meals

Amino acid contents and intestinal digestibility of lucerne in ruminants as influenced by growth stage

Changes in fatty acid profile and iodine content in milk as influenced by the inclusion of extruded rapeseed cake in the diet of dairy cows

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