Nitrogen Cycling in Piedmont Vegetated Filter Zones: I. Surface Soil Processes

Verchot, Louis V.; Franklin, E. Carlyle; Gilliam, J. W.

doi:10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600020002x

Cited by 33 publications

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“…Surface runoff (including sediment) is a major transport mechanism for N losses (Verchot et al, 1997). It transports much of the N from agricultural fields (8-80 per cent) (Peng et al, 1994;Huang et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water input from fog drip in the tropical seasonal rain forest of Xishuangbanna, South-West China

et al. 2004

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This study examines the effects of land use and slope angle on runoff, soil loss and nitrogen loss from hillslopes of the Loess Plateau in China. Farmland, wasteland and four forest treatments (sea buckthorn þ poplar, immature sea buckthorn, mature sea buckthorn, and immature Chinese pine) were the types of land use that were compared. The results showed that July was the critical period for runoff, soil loss and nitrogen loss from farmland. Farmland was the most susceptible land use. Sea buckthorn þ poplar, immature sea buckthorn, and mature sea buckthorn limited the runoff, soil loss and nitrogen loss. Farmland on slopes over 15 degrees should be abandoned because of the high erosion rate and nitrogen loss.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water input from fog drip in the tropical seasonal rain forest of Xishuangbanna, South-West China

et al. 2004

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“…They found that loads and concentrations of nitrate‐N, total Kjeldahl N (TKN) and total P were reduced in runoff compared with the control, which was an unrestored riparian cornfield. Verchot et al (1997) found that on North Carolina Piedmont sites, forested buffers might be either sources or sinks of nutrients in surface runoff. The forest buffers were ineffective during the winter and spring when water‐filled pore space exceeded 25 to 35% and infiltration was low.…”

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Surface Runoff Water Quality in a Managed Three Zone Riparian Buffer

Lowrance

Sheridan

2005

J of Env Quality

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Managed riparian forest buffers are an important conservation practice but there are little data on the water quality effects of buffer management. We measured surface runoff volumes and nutrient concentrations and loads in a riparian buffer system consisting of (moving down slope from the field) a grass strip, a managed forest, and an unmanaged forest. The managed forest consisted of sections of clear-cut, thinned, and mature forest. The mature forest had significantly lower flow-weighted concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, total Kjeldahl N (TKN), sediment TKN, total N (nitrate + TKN), dissolved molybdate reactive P (DMRP), total P, and chloride. The average buffer represented the conditions along a stream reach with a buffer system in different stages of growth. Compared with the field output, flow-weighted concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, DMRP, and total P decreased significantly within the buffer and flow-weighted concentrations of TKN, total N, and chloride increased significantly within the buffer. All loads decreased significantly from the field to the middle of the buffer, but most loads increased from the middle of the buffer to the sampling point nearest the stream because surface runoff volume increased near the stream. The largest percentage reduction of the incoming nutrient load (at least 65% for all nutrient forms) took place in the grass buffer zone because of the large decrease (68%) in flow. The average buffer reduced loadings for all nutrient species, from 27% for TKN to 63% for sediment P. The managed forest and grass buffer combined was an effective buffer system.

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“…For a given width, the percentage of pollutant load that is retained (i.e., trapping efficiency) varies with site conditions and pollutant type (Dosskey 2001). For example, conditions that produce larger runoff loads from fields and/or reduce infiltration in filter strips will decrease the trapping efficiency for a given width (e.g., Dillaha et al 1988Dillaha et al , 1989Hayes et al 1984;Lee et al 2000;Muñoz-Carpena et al 1993;Verchot et al 1997), and coarse sediments are more easily retained than fine sediments and dissolved pollutants (Hayes et al 1984;Lee et al 2000). The relationship is also non-linear, especially for sediments, as the percentage of pollutants that are retained increases more slowly as width is increased (Dillaha et al 1989;Magette et al 1989;Robinson et al 1996;Schmitt et al 1999).…”

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A design aid for determining width of filter strips

Dosskey¹,

Helmers²,

Eisenhauer³

2008

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

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Watershed planners need a tool for determining width of filter strips that is accurate enough for developing cost-effective site designs and easy enough to use for making quick determinations on a large number and variety of sites. This study employed the process-based Vegetative Filter Strip Model to evaluate the relationship between filter strip width and trapping efficiency for sediment and water and to produce a design aid for use where specific water quality targets must be met. Model simulations illustrate that relatively narrow filter strips can have high impact in some situations, while in others even a modest impact cannot be achieved at any practical width. A graphical design aid was developed for estimating the width needed to achieve target trapping efficiencies for different pollutants under a broad range of agricultural site conditions. Using the model simulations for sediment and water, a graph was produced containing a family of seven lines that divide the full range of possible relationships between width and trapping efficiency into fairly even increments. Simple rules guide the selection of one line that best describes a given field situation by considering field length and cover management, slope, and soil texture. Relationships for sediment-bound and dissolved pollutants are interpreted from the modeled relationships for sediment and water. Interpolation between lines can refine the results and account for additional variables, if needed. The design aid is easy to use, accounts for several major variables that determine filter strip performance, and is based on a validated, process-based, mathematical model. This design aid strikes a balance between accuracy and utility that fills a wide gap between existing design guides and mathematical models.

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Nitrogen Cycling in Piedmont Vegetated Filter Zones: I. Surface Soil Processes

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Water input from fog drip in the tropical seasonal rain forest of Xishuangbanna, South-West China

Water input from fog drip in the tropical seasonal rain forest of Xishuangbanna, South-West China

Surface Runoff Water Quality in a Managed Three Zone Riparian Buffer

A design aid for determining width of filter strips

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