Nitrogen content determines adventitious rooting in Euphorbia pulcherrima under adequate light independently of pre-rooting carbohydrate depletion of cuttings

Zerche, S.; Druege, Uwe

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2009.02.012

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…When the cuttings were made, the annual growth was limited, especially for the transgenic M9 rootstocks. A weak growth would limit accumulation of nitrogen and/or carbohydrates in stems, which in turn might lead to a low rooting percentage as has been demonstrated for many species (Hambrick et al 1991;Rapaka et al 2005;Zerche and Druege 2009).…”

Section: Expression Of the Rolb Gene Under Field Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of transgenic rootstocks on growth and development of non-transgenic scion cultivars in apple

Smolka

Heikelt

et al. 2010

Transgenic Res

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Although cultivation of genetic modified (GM) annual crops has been steadily increasing in the recent 10 years, the commercial cultivation of GM fruit tree is still very limited and reports of field trials on GM fruit trees are rare. This is probably because development and evaluation of GM fruit trees require a long period of time due to long life cycles of trees. In this study, we report results from a field trial on three rolB transgenic dwarfing apple rootstocks of M26 and M9 together with non-transgenic controls grafted with five non-transgenic scion cultivars. We intended to investigate the effects of transgenic rootstock on non-transgenic scion cultivars under natural conditions as well as to evaluate the potential value of using the rolB gene to modify difficult-to-root rootstocks of fruit trees. The results showed that all rolB transgenic rootstocks significantly reduced vegetative growth including tree height regardless of scion cultivar, compared with the non-transgenic rootstocks. Flowering and fruiting were also decreased for cultivars grown on the transgenic rootstocks in most cases, but the fruit quality was not clearly affected by the transgenic rootstocks. Cutting experiment and RT-PCR analysis showed that the rolB gene was stably expressed under field conditions. PCR and RT-PCR analyses displayed that the rolB gene or its mRNA were not detectable in the scion cultivars, indicating no translocation of the transgene or its mRNA from rootstock to scion. Our results suggest that rolB modified rootstocks should be used in combination with vigorous scion cultivars in order to obtain sufficient vegetative growth and good yield. Alternatively, the rolB gene could be used to dwarf vigorous rootstocks of fruit trees or produce bonzai plants as it can significantly reduce the vegetative growth of plants.

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Section: Expression Of the Rolb Gene Under Field Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of transgenic rootstocks on growth and development of non-transgenic scion cultivars in apple

Smolka

Heikelt

et al. 2010

Transgenic Res

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“…The relevance of mineral nutrition for AR is highlighted by the fact that rooting phase-specific mineral nutrient compositions, optimized for cuttings themselves, have been shown to improve rooting and survival of Eucalyptus globulus plants (Schwambach et al, 2005). High nitrogen supply to stock plants and the resulting elevated N content in herbaceous cuttings have been shown to strongly promote AR (Druege et al, 2000, 2004; Zerche and Druege, 2009). …”

Section: Mother Plant Status – Developmental Competence To Respond Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

When stress and development go hand in hand: main hormonal controls of adventitious rooting in cuttings

Costa¹,

Almeida²,

Ruedell³

et al. 2013

Front. Plant Sci.

304

280

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Adventitious rooting (AR) is a multifactorial response leading to new roots at the base of stem cuttings, and the establishment of a complete and autonomous plant. AR has two main phases: (a) induction, with a requirement for higher auxin concentration; (b) formation, inhibited by high auxin and in which anatomical changes take place. The first stages of this process in severed organs necessarily include wounding and water stress responses which may trigger hormonal changes that contribute to reprogram target cells that are competent to respond to rooting stimuli. At severance, the roles of jasmonate and abscisic acid are critical for wound response and perhaps sink strength establishment, although their negative roles on the cell cycle may inhibit root induction. Strigolactones may also inhibit AR. A reduced concentration of cytokinins in cuttings results from the separation of the root system, whose tips are a relevant source of these root induction inhibitors. The combined increased accumulation of basipetally transported auxins from the shoot apex at the cutting base is often sufficient for AR in easy-to-root species. The role of peroxidases and phenolic compounds in auxin catabolism may be critical at these early stages right after wounding. The events leading to AR strongly depend on mother plant nutritional status, both in terms of minerals and carbohydrates, as well as on sink establishment at cutting bases. Auxins play a central role in AR. Auxin transporters control auxin canalization to target cells. There, auxins act primarily through selective proteolysis and cell wall loosening, via their receptor proteins TIR1 (transport inhibitor response 1) and ABP1 (Auxin-Binding Protein 1). A complex microRNA circuitry is involved in the control of auxin response factors essential for gene expression in AR. After root establishment, new hormonal controls take place, with auxins being required at lower concentrations for root meristem maintenance and cytokinins needed for root tissue differentiation.

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“…Dianthus was most responsive to increasing N rates, but the high EC resulted in rapid decline of the stock plants. In work on poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima), three N fertilization rates were administered in ''graduated doses'' (milligrams of N per container) and described as low (0-40 mg N), medium (72-100 mg N) and high (150-300 mg N) (Zerche and Druege, 2009). They reported the low and high N rates interfered with the growth of stock plants by either causing an N deficiency (visible symptoms were noted) or too high of a substrate EC (''unfavorable osmotic environment'') of the stock plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of cuttings harvestable from each stock plant is important, but rooting percentage and root growth combined yield a complete flat of liners. Zerche and Druege (2009) noted that adequate N fertilization of stock plants can affect yield and quality of cuttings and that new research is easily translated to grower fertilization strategies. Our two experiments found 50 30 73 80 80 100 45 88 92 70 150 45 74 85 79 200 15 68 80 60 250 25 63 90 59 Rate effect y NS ** ** *** z 1 mgÁL -1 = 1 ppm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantity and Quality of Cuttings as Influenced by Stock Plant Nutrition of Herbaceous Perennials

Twardowski¹,

Crocker²,

Freeborn³

et al. 2012

hortte

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Some popular garden perennials yield low numbers of viable cuttings per stock plant or produce cuttings that are slow to root, preventing propagators from meeting demand for rooted liners. We quantified the effects of a range of nitrogen (N) rates from 0 to 300 mg·L−1 N applied to stock plants on the number of cuttings (yield), rooting percentage, and subsequent root development of cuttings. Species studied include ‘Siskiyou Pink’ gaura (Gaura lindheimeri), ‘Pixie Star’ dianthus (Dianthus alpinus), perovskia (Perovskia atriplicifolia), and ‘Mainacht’ salvia (Salvia ×sylvestris). We found 100 to 150 mg·L−1 N to be the best rates for producing quality rooted cuttings. Little benefit was obtained from the higher rates, and the 0- and 50-mg·L−1 N treatments produced the lowest number of potential cuttings across all species.

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Nitrogen content determines adventitious rooting in Euphorbia pulcherrima under adequate light independently of pre-rooting carbohydrate depletion of cuttings

Cited by 40 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of transgenic rootstocks on growth and development of non-transgenic scion cultivars in apple

Effects of transgenic rootstocks on growth and development of non-transgenic scion cultivars in apple

When stress and development go hand in hand: main hormonal controls of adventitious rooting in cuttings

Quantity and Quality of Cuttings as Influenced by Stock Plant Nutrition of Herbaceous Perennials

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