Nitrogen-containing monomers. III. Reactivity ratios of N-alkyl acrylamides with vinyl monomers

Bork, John F.; Wyman, Donald P.; Coleman, L. E.

doi:10.1002/app.1963.070070204

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The polymerization kinetics of both N-alkyl-and N,N-dialkyl-substituted acrylamides (iPA, nPA, DMA and DEA, see Table 1 result is in accordance with an earlier study on the reactivity ratios of N-alkylacrylamides [69].…”

Section: Block Copolymerizationsupporting

confidence: 89%

Thermo-responsive block copolymers with multiple phase transition temperatures in aqueous solutions

Strandman

Zhu

2015

Progress in Polymer Science

129

118

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Section: Block Copolymerizationsupporting

confidence: 89%

Thermo-responsive block copolymers with multiple phase transition temperatures in aqueous solutions

Strandman

Zhu

2015

Progress in Polymer Science

129

118

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“…All can be quaternized. Diacetone acrylamide can be synthesized from the relatively inex pensive raw materials, acetone and acrylonitrile (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29).…”

Section: Ch = Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyphosphonic Acids and Their Salts: Equation 25 shows an example of polymer modification to yield ion containing products. It has been shown (I 17-1 18) that bubbling oxygen through a solution of polyethylene in phos phorus trichloride, followed by hydrolyzing the product leads to a series of polymers containing pendant phosphonic acid groups.…”

Section: Str 14 T-0-ch 2 -Ch-ch 2 -S0 3 " M* 2-hydroxypropyl Sulfonatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original work indi cated that solubility in aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions could be attained at only 12 molar % of phosphonic acid substitution. (25) The mechanical and dielectric relaxation behavior as well as thermal characteristics of a series of ethylene-phosphonic acid copolymers have been reported (119)(120).…”

Section: Str 14 T-0-ch 2 -Ch-ch 2 -S0 3 " M* 2-hydroxypropyl Sulfonatementioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthetic Methods for Water-Soluble Monomers and Polymers

Butler

Zhang

1991

ACS Symposium Series

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This review is based on a lecture that has been presented over the past several years by one of us (GBB) in connection with certain well-established short courses. Although the major water-soluble non-polyelectrolytes are covered briefly in this review, the major emphasis is placed on well-studied and either commercially available polyelectrolyte monomers or such monomers which have the potential for commercial development.The latter judgment is based on availability of raw materials, monomer and polymer yields, and/or quality of derivable polymers or copolymer. In many cases, only the monomers are emphasized, since methods for their polymerization generally parallel each other, all being predominantly initiated and polymerized via free radical mechanisms. No distinction is generally made among the several polymerization techniques such as aqueous or other solution processes, suspension or emulsion processes. In many cases all types have been studied. In most of the others, success in the application of the several techniques to the polymerization process can reasonably be predicted.Organic compounds having hydrophilic groups are soluble in water provided the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance is favorable. Alcohols of low molecular weight are soluble in water; however, those of higher molecular weight are no longer soluble. The same principles apply to polymers. Table I includes the more common functional groups which impart water-solubility to organic compounds as well as to polymers. Non-polyelectrolytesAside from the naturally occurring water-soluble polysaccharides or their synthetically modified derivatives, the major contributors to the non-polyelectrolyte group of water-soluble polymers are: poly(acrylamide), poly(acrylic) or (methacrylic acids), poly(ethylene oxides), poly(methyl vinyl ether) and poly(vinyl alcohols). Polyacrylamide (PAM). Acrylamide polymerizes easily in aqueous solution inpresence of a wide variety of free-radical initiators (J_). Many added salts affect polymerization rate and molecular weight. Often, commercially produced poly(acrylamides) may contain a fraction that appears to be insoluble in water, a property which presents a problem for many uses. Much attention

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“…Hence, a lower reactivity ratio between the monomer and the surfmer facilitates that the surfmer is distributed in the interface post-polymerization [ 24 , 56 ]. N -Alkyl acrylamides, for example, which we expect to have a similar co-polymerization reactivity like AUPDS, on average were reported to have a higher co-polymerization ratio with St than with MMA [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ]. With MMA, AUPDS might be incorporated to a larger extent in the final stages of polymerization, thus increasing the amount of AUPDS on the surface for PMMA- co -AUPDS particles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Ester Containing Surfmer for One-Stage Polymer Nanoparticle Surface Functionalization in Mini-Emulsion Polymerization

et al. 2018

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Functional surface active monomers (surfmers) are molecules that combine the functionalities of surface activity, polymerizability, and reactive groups. This study presents an improved pathway for the synthesis of the active ester containing surfmer p-(11-acrylamido)undecanoyloxyphenyl dimethylsulfonium methyl sulfate (AUPDS). Further, the preparation of poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene nanoparticles (NPs) by mini-emulsion polymerization using AUPDS is investigated, leading to NPs with active ester groups on their surface. By systematically varying reaction parameters and reagent concentrations, it was found that AUPDS feed concentrations between 2–4 mol% yielded narrowly distributed and stable spherical particles with average sizes between 83 and 134 nm for non-cross-linked NPs, and up to 163 nm for cross-linked NPs. By basic hydrolysis of the active ester groups in aqueous dispersion, the positive ζ-potential (ZP) was converted into a negative ZP and charge quantities determined by polyelectrolyte titrations before and after hydrolysis were in the same range, indicating that the active ester groups were indeed accessible in aqueous suspension. Increasing cross-linker amounts over 10 mol% also led to a decrease of ZP of NPs, probably due to internalization of the AUPDS during polymerization. In conclusion, by using optimized reaction conditions, it is possible to prepare active ester functionalized NPs in one stage using AUPDS as a surfmer in mini-emulsion polymerization.

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Nitrogen-containing monomers. III. Reactivity ratios of N-alkyl acrylamides with vinyl monomers

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Thermo-responsive block copolymers with multiple phase transition temperatures in aqueous solutions

Thermo-responsive block copolymers with multiple phase transition temperatures in aqueous solutions

Synthetic Methods for Water-Soluble Monomers and Polymers

Active Ester Containing Surfmer for One-Stage Polymer Nanoparticle Surface Functionalization in Mini-Emulsion Polymerization

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