Nitrogen and N-Containing Macromolecules in the Bio- and Geosphere: An Introduction

Stankiewicz, B. Artur; Bergen, Pim F. van

doi:10.1021/bk-1998-0707.ch001

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Reference compounds used for the calculation of the chemical shifts included a softwood lignin (Sakakibara, 1990) and tannin structure (Hemingway and Karchesy, 1989); terpenoid hydrocarbons were composed as a sum of cholesterinacetate and hopane (Ourisson et al, 1979). Lipids used were phosphoenolpyruvate, lipoic acid, and dipalmitoyl–lecithine (Breitmaier and Voelter, 1990, p. 467); amino sugars (Zhang et al, 1997; Jahnel et al, 1998) were composed of the repeating units of various chitin derivatives (Stankiewicz and van Bergen, 1998, p. 154). Heterocyclic nitrogen included porphine as a pyrrol derivative, the four main nucleobases (Kuzyakov, 1997), and indol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Partial Structures of a Peat Humic and Fulvic Acid Using One‐ and Two‐Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

et al. 2002

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) resonance integrals obtained from one-dimensional NMR spectra provide semiquantitative contents of humic constituents with limited resolution in structural detail. When supplemented by connectivity information available from homo- and heteronuclear two-dimensional NMR spectra a more reliable assignment of humic substructures becomes available. This is demonstrated with a comparative one- and two-dimensional NMR analysis of a fulvic and a humic acid obtained from Eriophorum peat. An example of a detailed analysis of the proton chemical shift region normally attributed to carbohydrates shows substantial contributions from amino acids, amino and desoxy sugars, and highly oxidized aliphatic chains of intermediate length. The very good resolution of structural detail by a combined analysis of all NMR spectra shows that the effect of the fractionation procedure on the composition and chemical structure of humic materials is very significant. The comparison of the partial structures comprising humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) of the peat humic materials studied indicates that FA is diagenetically downstream of HA, favoring the biopolymer degradation (BD) model of humification.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Partial Structures of a Peat Humic and Fulvic Acid Using One‐ and Two‐Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

et al. 2002

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“…The plot of various N‐compounds in factor space suggests a plant‐derived origin for compounds N1, N7, N11, N12 and N14 and possibly a microbial origin of N2‐5 and N9. As stated by Stankiewicz & van Bergen (1998), Schulten & Schnitzer (1998) and van Bergen et al . (1998a), the origin of nitrogen‐containing components in soils in general is still poorly understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 67%

Soil organic matter chemistry in allophanic soils: a pyrolysis‐GC/MS study of a Costa Rican Andosol catena

Buurman¹,

Peterse

Almendros³

2007

European J Soil Science

184

148

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Soil organic matter (SOM) in allophanic soils is supposed to accumulate due to protection caused by binding to allophane, aluminium and iron. We investigated a catena of allophanic and non-allophanic soils in Costa Rica to determine the effect of such binding mechanisms on SOM chemistry. These soils contain no contribution of black carbon. Molecular characterization of litter, extractable and dispersed organic matter was done by Curie-point pyrolysis-GC/MS. The molecular chemistry of the organic fractions indicates a strong decomposition of plant-derived organic matter and a strong contribution of microbial sugars and N-compounds to SOM. Both the decomposition of plant-derived SOM -including that of relatively recalcitrant compounds -and the relative contribution of microbial SOM were greater in allophanic samples than in non-allophanic ones. This suggests that chemical protection does not act on primary OM, although it may influence the accumulation of secondary OM in these soils. The effect of allophane on SOM contents in such perhumid soils is probably through incorporation of decomposition products and microbial SOM in very fine aggregates that -in a perhumid environment -remain saturated with water during much of the year. Greater concentrations of aliphatics are found in allophanic residues, but there is no evidence of any specific mineral-organic binding. The results do not support the existing theory of chemical protection of plant-derived components through binding to allophane, iron and aluminium.

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“…HAs play an important role in the global nitrogen cycle through their influence on the distribution, bioavailability, and ultimate fate of sedimentary organic nitrogen (Davies and Ghabbour, 1998; Lichtfouse et al, 1998; Stankiewicz and Van-Bergen, 1998; Christl et al, 2000). Humic substances can incorporate nitrogen into their structure either directly through chemical reactions or indirectly through microbial activities and subsequent decomposition of microbial biomass (Clinton et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humic acids buffer the effects of urea on soil ammonia oxidizers and potential nitrification

Dong

Córdova-Kreylos

Yang

et al. 2009

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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Humic acids (HAs) play an important role in the global nitrogen cycle by influencing the distribution, bioavailability, and ultimate fate of organic nitrogen. Ammonium oxidation by autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) is a key process in ecosystems and is limited, in part, by the availability of NH4+. We evaluated the impact of HAs on soil AOB in microcosms by applying urea (1.0%, equal to 10 mg urea/g soil) with 0.1% bHA (biodegraded lignite humic acids, equal to 1 mg/g soil), 0.1% cHA (crude lignite humic acids) or no amendment. AOB population size, ammonium and nitrate concentrations were monitored for 12 weeks after urea and HA application. AOB densities (quantified by real-time PCR targeting the amoA) in the Urea treatments increased about ten-fold (the final abundance: 5.02 × 107 copies (g of dry soil)–1) after one week of incubation and decreased to the initial density after 12 weeks incubation; the population size of total bacteria (quantified by real-time PCR with a universal bacterial probe) decreased from 1.12 × 1010 to 2.59 × 109 copies (g of dry soil)–1 at week one and fluctuated back to the initial copy number at week 12. In the Urea + bHA and Urea + cHA treatments, the AOB densities were 4 and 6 times higher, respectively, than the initial density of approximately 5.07 × 106 copies (g of dry soil)–1 at week 1 and did not change much up to week 4; the total bacteria density changed little over time. The AOB and total bacteria density of the controls changed little during the 12 weeks of incubation. The microbial community composition of the Urea treatment, based on T-RFLP using CCA (canonical correspondence analysis) and pCCA (partial CCA) analysis, was clearly different from those of other treatments, and suggested that lignite HAs buffered the change in diversity and quantity of total bacteria caused by the application of urea to the soil. We hypothesize that HAs can inhibit the change in microbial community composition and numbers, as well as AOB population size by reducing the hydrolysis rate from urea to ammonium in soils amended with urea.

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Nitrogen and N-Containing Macromolecules in the Bio- and Geosphere: An Introduction

Cited by 16 publications

References 51 publications

Comparative Analysis of Partial Structures of a Peat Humic and Fulvic Acid Using One‐ and Two‐Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Comparative Analysis of Partial Structures of a Peat Humic and Fulvic Acid Using One‐ and Two‐Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Soil organic matter chemistry in allophanic soils: a pyrolysis‐GC/MS study of a Costa Rican Andosol catena

Humic acids buffer the effects of urea on soil ammonia oxidizers and potential nitrification

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