Nitrogen and Iron Sulfate Affect Microdochium Patch Severity and Turf Quality on Annual Bluegrass Putting Greens

Mattox, Clint; Kowalewski, Alec; McDonald, Brian; Lambrinos, John G.; Daviscourt, Brian L.; Pscheidt, Jay William

doi:10.2135/cropsci2016.02.0123

Cited by 10 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Iron sulfate applications are known to decrease soil pH (Carrow, Waddington, & Rieke, 2001), and pH has been demonstrated to affect the growth of Microdochium nivale (Bennett, 1933). Previous field trials have also demonstrated that acidifying products, fertilizers and sulfur fungicides can suppress Microdochium patch and lead to a lower soil pH (Brauen, Goss, Gould, & Orton, 1975;Mattox et al, 2016) or reduce the number of fungicide applications (McDonald, Mattox, Gould, & Kowalewski, 2018). With the effects of pH on T A B L E 1 Effects of 97.6 kg FeSO 4 ⋅7H 2 O ha −1 applied at different water carrier volumes and non-treated control (NTC) on turfgrass quality ratings on an annual bluegrass putting green in Corvallis, OR.…”

Section: Microdochium Patch Suppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of iron sulfate heptahydrate water carrier volumes on Microdochium patch suppression and turfgrass quality

2020

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Microdochium patch is a turfgrass disease caused by the fungal pathogen Microdochium nivale (Fries) Samuels & I.C. Hallett that occurs most commonly in cool-humid regions such as the Pacific Northwest. Fungicide applications are the predominant method of controlling this disease, although alternatives to fungicides are desired in areas where pesticide restrictions occur. Previous research has shown that 97.6 kg FeSO 4 ⋅7H 2 O ha −1 applied every 2 wk in 814 L ha −1 water carrier suppresses Microdochium patch; however, turfgrass thinning occurred. The objective of this trial was to determine if higher water carrier volumes would mitigate turfgrass thinning while still suppressing Microdochium patch. This field trial quantified the effects of four different water carrier volumes of 97.6 kg FeSO 4 ⋅7H 2 O ha −1 applied every 2 wk on the suppression of Microdochium patch, percent green cover, and turfgrass quality of an annual bluegrass putting green in Western Oregon. This research demonstrated that 97.6 kg FeSO 4 ⋅7H 2 O ha −1 applied every 2 wk suppressed Microdochium patch on annual bluegrass putting greens to equivalent levels regardless of water carrier volumes ranging from 1019 to 4075 L ha −1. Higher percent green cover was also observed when higher water carrier volumes (3056 or 4075 L ha −1) were used. While iron sulfate heptahydrate treatments suppressed Microdochium patch to less than one percent disease throughout the trial, no water carrier volume reduced annual bluegrass thinning enough to be considered acceptable for golf course putting greens. Abbreviations: AUDPC, area under disease progress curve. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Section: Microdochium Patch Suppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of iron sulfate heptahydrate water carrier volumes on Microdochium patch suppression and turfgrass quality

2020

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“…However, Ervin et al (2017) reported that overall creeping bentgrass quality was lower during the summer in plots treated with 48.8 kg ha −1 of ferrous sulfate than in plots treated with 24.4 kg ha −1 . Additionally, Mattox et al (2017) reported significant annual bluegrass quality decline associated with turfgrass thinning and foliar toxicity in plots treated with ferrous sulfate applied at 97.65 kg ha −1 . This unintentional consequence of ferrous sulfate usage for disease suppression leads researchers to explore lower use rates to negate the potential for turfgrass injury.…”

Section: Crop Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of ferrous sulfate as an alternative to fungicides has proven effective in turfgrass systems (Mattox et al., 2017; McCall et al., 2016). Iron applications for pathogen suppression was first noted by Forsyth (1957).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of ferrous sulfate to reduce turfgrass pests has been reported, but without validated research until recently (Arthur, 2003; Graham, 1983). Microdochium patch ( Microdochium nivale ) incidence decreased with increasing rates of ferrous sulfate on annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.) (Mattox et al, 2017). Dollar spot was reduced by ferrous sulfate applied at 48.8 kg ha −1 in one study (McCall et al., 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, Mattox et al. (2017) reported significant annual bluegrass quality decline associated with turfgrass thinning and foliar toxicity in plots treated with ferrous sulfate applied at 97.65 kg ha −1 . This unintentional consequence of ferrous sulfate usage for disease suppression leads researchers to explore lower use rates to negate the potential for turfgrass injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of ferrous sulfate concentration on Clarireedia isolate growth and dollar spot development

et al. 2021

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Dollar spot is a common disease of both warm‐ and cool‐season amenity turfgrasses caused by Clarireedia species. Previous field studies have shown dollar spot suppression with 48.8 kg ha−1 ferrous sulfate heptahydrate. In vitro research suggests that 100–1,000 mg L−1 ferrous sulfate concentrations suspended in agar will directly inhibit Clarireedia mycelial growth. The impact of ferrous sulfate concentration on dollar spot development in situ is not clearly defined. Our research explored five field rates and five concentrations of ferrous sulfate against dollar spot development in situ and Clarireedia growth in‐vitro, respectively. Field‐applied rates included 0, 4.88, 24.4, 48.8, and 97.6 kg ha−1 ferrous sulfate. Our data indicate a nonlinear relationship between ferrous sulfate rate and dollar spot development, with 26.4 kg ha−1 required for 50% dollar spot suppression and only a 10% increase in suppression with previously reported rates of 48.8 kg ha−1. Ferrous sulfate suppressed dollar spot on both golf course fairways and putting greens. Radial mycelial growth of four isolates were modeled using ferrous sulfate‐amended agar at concentrations of 0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg kg−1. Effective concentration required to suppress Clarireedia growth by 50% ranged from 511 to 687 mg L−1 and varied by isolate, though the relationships for all had a negative linear relationship of mycelial growth to concentration. Radial growth of the two isolates collected from warm‐season grasses grew faster than two isolates collected from cool‐season grasses.

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Iron sulfate and phosphite products fail to suppress snow mold on amenity turfgrass in Wisconsin

Koch

2021

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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Snow molds are an important group of diseases of amenity turfgrass in temperate climates. Acceptable control is typically achieved through one or two fungicide applications prior to snow cover, though there is increasing interest in exploring alternative control products such as iron sulfate and/or potassium phosphite. Previous research has demonstrated that poor snow mold control is achieved when these alternative products are applied once prior to snow cover, so the objective of this study was to assess their efficacy when applied repeatedly throughout the fall. Iron sulfate heptahydrate, potassium phosphite, and the fungicide propiconazole were applied six times, every 2 weeks, throughout the fall of 2019 at three locations in Wisconsin that typically produce high, medium, and low snow mold pressure. No reduction in disease relative to the nontreated control was observed at any location in response to the iron sulfate and potassium phosphite treatments. Propiconazole did provide effective snow mold control at the low and moderate pressure locations but not at the high pressure location. Both iron sulfate and potassium phosphite have shown efficacy against select turfgrass diseases, but do not appear to provide control of snow mold in areas where snow cover persists during winter. INTRODUCTIONSnow molds such as Microdochium patch (caused by Microdochium nivale), gray snow mold (Typhula incarnata), and speckled snow mold (Typhula ishikariensis) are the primary low-temperature diseases of amenity turfgrass around the world (Hsiang et al., 1999;Mann & Newell, 2005). Microdochium patch, also known as pink snow mold, is defined by roughly circular patches of tan-or reddish-colored turf 2-8 inches (5-20 cm) in diameter. Symptoms are typically most severe under prolonged snow cover but can also occur in the absence of snow following periods of cool (32-48 ˚F) and wet weather. The presence of a pink-colored ring Abbreviation: HDD, heating degree day.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Nitrogen and Iron Sulfate Affect Microdochium Patch Severity and Turf Quality on Annual Bluegrass Putting Greens

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

The effects of iron sulfate heptahydrate water carrier volumes on Microdochium patch suppression and turfgrass quality

The effects of iron sulfate heptahydrate water carrier volumes on Microdochium patch suppression and turfgrass quality

Impact of ferrous sulfate concentration on Clarireedia isolate growth and dollar spot development

Iron sulfate and phosphite products fail to suppress snow mold on amenity turfgrass in Wisconsin

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