Nitrogen and carbon relationships between the parasitic weed Orobanche foetida and susceptible and tolerant faba bean lines

Abbes, Zouhaier; Kharrat, Mohamed; Delavault, Philippe; Chaïbi, Wided; Simier, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.10.004

Cited by 53 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…'Najeh', recently registered in 2009 in the Tunisian Varietal Catalogue by INRAT (Kharrat et al, 2010), is characterized by a low number of underground and emerged Orobanche with no parasite necrosis (Abbes et al, 2007a;Kharrat et al, 2010). Its resistance is also related to a deeper root system of the host (Abbes et al, 2007b), to a low soluble invertase activity in O. foetida, to a low osmotic potential of the infected roots, and to the organic N deficiency of the host phloem sap (Abbes et al, 2009a;2009b). Nevertheless, as reported by Rubiales et al (2006), only moderate to low levels of incomplete resistance of complex inheritance against parasitic weeds has been identified in other crops, such as in legumes against O. crenata, O. foetida, and O. aegyptiaca (Kharrat, 2002b;Rubiales et al, 2009;Fernández-Aparicio et al, 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of faba bean genotypes with Orobanche foetida Poir. and Orobanche crenata Forsk. infestation in Tunisia

Trabelsi

Abbes

Amri

et al. 2015

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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Orobanche foetida Poir. and O. crenata Forsk. are major constraints to faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivation in Tunisia. To evaluate the different levels of resistance of seven small-seeded faba bean genotypes to these parasitic weed species, three trials were conducted in fields infested and non-infested with O. foetida in the Oued Beja Agricultural Experimental Unit and O. crenata in an experimental field at Ariana of the National Institute of Agricultural Research during three cropping seasons. Compared to the susceptible cv. Badï, the seven genotypes showed moderate to high levels of resistance to both Orobanche species. The number and dry weight of emerged broomrapes and underground tubercles recorded on the new improved genotypes were lower than those recorded on released and resistant 'Najeh' and 'Baraca'. The parasitism index on the new genotypes varied from 2-6 times less than susceptible 'Badï' in both Oued-Beja and Ariana. Yield reduction due to O. foetida infection varied from 13.5% on genotype XAR-VF00.13-89-2-1-1-1-1 to 59.7% on 'Baraca', whereas the yield loss was about 92% on the susceptible control. Parasitic infection did not affect dry grain protein accumulation in the tested genotypes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of faba bean genotypes with Orobanche foetida Poir. and Orobanche crenata Forsk. infestation in Tunisia

Trabelsi

Abbes

Amri

et al. 2015

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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“…Knowing that the broomrape depends primarily on phloem sap of the parasitized plant, we carried out the analysis of the composition in soluble sugars, organic acid and free amino acids of orobanche and the phloem exudates from adult leaves of faba bean (at pod setting stage). Our results showed that the phloem exudates of the tolerant line were highly deficient in nitrogen when compared to that of the susceptible line, 12 and this may induce the tolerance of the XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1 plants to O. foetida. When attached to roots of the tolerant line, the parasite displayed limited activities of soluble invertases in tubercles, and especially in shoots, suggesting that the low performance of the broomrapes attached to the tolerant line resulted from a reduced capacity to utilize the host-derived carbohydrates.…”

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“…12 This difference in the nutrient composition between host and parasite can be explained by the implication of different enzymes (Figs. 2 and 3).…”

Section: Wwwlandesbiosciencecom Plant Signaling and Behavior 337mentioning

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“…When attached to roots of the tolerant line, the parasite displayed limited activities of soluble invertases in tubercles, and especially in shoots, suggesting that the low performance of the broomrapes attached to the tolerant line resulted from a reduced capacity to utilize the host-derived carbohydrates. 12 The major organic components potentially transferred from both faba bean genotypes to the parasite were identified as sucrose, stachyose, citrate, malate, asparagine, aspartate, glutamine, glutamate, serine, alanine and gamma amino butyric acid (GABA). Addendum to: Abbes Z, Kharrat M, Delavault P, Chaïbi W, Simier P. Nitrogen and carbon relationships between the parasitic weed Orobanche foetida and susceptible and tolerant faba bean lines.…”

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Osmoregulation and nutritional relationships betweenOrobanche foetidaand faba bean

Abbes

Kharrat

Delavault

et al. 2009

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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The present study aims at comparing the phloem composition of the tolerant XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1 and the susceptible Bachaar genotypes and the impact of the faba bean genotype on the levels of the major solutes and invertase activities in the parasite Orobanche foetida. In comparison to Bachaar, the XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1 genotype limited the growth of orobanche tubercles under in vitro conditions. The limited growth was due to low soluble invertase activity, low osmotic potential of the infected roots and the organic nitrogen deficiency of the host phloem sap. The faba bean genotype did not affect the osmoregulation process of O. foetida. Among the organic solutes, stachyose, hexoses, starch and free amino acids, mainly asparagine and aspartate were highly accumulated in orobanche. However, asparagine/ aspartate, glutamine/glutamate, alanine, serine, gamma amino butyric acid, stachyose, sucrose were identified as the main organic components in the host phloem exudates. The key role of the enzymes α-galactosidase, asparagine synthetase and aspartate oxaloglutarate aminotransferase in the utilization of the host solutes is proposed in O. foetida parasitizing faba bean.Broomrapes (Orobanche spp.) are obligate parasites that infect roots of many economically important crops, causing serious losses in yields. 1 In Tunisia, Orobanche foetida is an important agricultural parasite of faba bean in the region of Beja with yield losses varying between 66-90%. 2,3 Various strategies were tried to control this plant parasite but without enough success. 4,5 Recently, in field experiments, some faba bean genotypes like XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1 were identified as resistant to O. foetida in Tunisia. 3 Their resistance was characterized by a decrease in Orobanche attachment and reduction in parasite emergence, nevertheless without observing parasite necrosis on the host roots. In comparison to a susceptible genotype, this genotype showed low stimulatory activity for Orobanche seed germination, and showed a delay of parasite formation and a limited growth of Orobanche tubercles under in vitro conditions. 6,7 Knowing that tubercle growth is strongly related to uptake of water and nutrient from host, osmotic relationships between host and parasite were investigated by measuring the difference in osmolarity between faba bean roots and tubercles. Orobanche tubercles were taken from Petri dishes at stage 4, stage during which nutriment transfer from the plant host to parasite should be optimal. 8 In both tolerant and susceptible genotypes, tubercle osmolarity was significantly higher than root osmolarity, then facilitating water and nutrient fluxes from host to parasite. 9,10 The XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1 genotype showed higher root osmolarity values than the susceptible cv. Bachaar, then lowering the magnitude in osmolarity (Fig. 1). This should trigger difference in kinetic of tubercle development as previously indicated on these genotypes. In the same way, the cultivar Giza402 was considered tolerant to O. crenata due to its higher osmotic values compared...

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“…Once vascular connections are established and the haustorium is functional, the parasite then acts as a supernumerary sink organ for the host plant by expressing genes involved in sucrose metabolism and the establishment of a strong sink strength (Draie et al, 2011;Péron et al, 2012). The attached parasite diverts hormones and photoassimilates from the host plant, mainly auxin and sucrose (Bar-Nun et al, 2008;Abbes et al, 2009). The tubercle, with a diameter of 0.5 to 2.5 cm, serves as a transient storage organ and develops numerous adventitious roots; the apical bud of this tubercle gives rise to a subterranean shoot and then to a flowering spike, after emergence from the soil, that rapidly produces a large amount of tiny seeds.…”

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History of the race structure of Orobanche cumana and the breeding of sunflower for resistance to this parasitic weed: A review

Molinero-Ruiz

Delavault

Pérez‐Vich

et al. 2015

Span. j. agric. res.

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Broomrape, caused by Orobanche cumana, has affected sunflowers since the early 20 th century in Eastern Europe. Currently, it limits sunflower oil production in Southern and Eastern Europe and in some areas of Asia, causing around 50% seed losses when susceptible hybrids are grown. Covered in this review are aspects such as: biological processes that are common to Orobanche spp. and/or particular to O. cumana in sunflower, genetic resistance and its mechanisms, races of the parasite identified in different countries throughout the time and their increasing virulence, and breeding for resistance to some herbicides as a novel control option. The main purpose is to present an updated and, as far as possible, complete picture of the way both the parasitic weed and its host crop have evolved in time, and how they co-exist in the current agriculture. Additionally, we propose a system for determining the races of the parasite that can be internationally adopted from now. In the context of minimal harmful effects on the environment, changing patterns of land use in farming systems, and global environment changes, the final goal of this work is to provide all those interested in parasites from field crops and their integrated management compiled information on the sunflower -O. cumana system as a case study.Additional key words: genes of resistance; Helianthus annuus L.; broomrape; parasite races; virulence. Abbreviations used: AHAS (acetohydroxyacid synthase); GS (germination stimulants); HR (herbicide resistant); IMI (resistance to imidazolinone); PG (polygalacturonases); PME (pectin methyl esterase); POB (pyrimidyloxybenzoates); QTL (quantitative trait loci); SU (sulfonylurea); TZ (triazolopyrimidines).Citation: Molinero-Ruiz, L.; Delavault, P.; Pérez-Vich, B.; Pacureanu-Joita, M.; Bulos, M.; Altieri, E.; Domínguez, J. (2015). History of the race structure of Orobanche cumana and the breeding of sunflower for resistance to this parasitic weed: A review.

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Nitrogen and carbon relationships between the parasitic weed Orobanche foetida and susceptible and tolerant faba bean lines

Cited by 53 publications

References 29 publications

Performance of faba bean genotypes with Orobanche foetida Poir. and Orobanche crenata Forsk. infestation in Tunisia

Performance of faba bean genotypes with Orobanche foetida Poir. and Orobanche crenata Forsk. infestation in Tunisia

Osmoregulation and nutritional relationships betweenOrobanche foetidaand faba bean

History of the race structure of Orobanche cumana and the breeding of sunflower for resistance to this parasitic weed: A review

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