Nitrogen and Carbon Dynamics and the Role of Enchytraeid Worms in Decomposition of L, F and H Layers of Boreal Mor

Laurén, Ari; Lappalainen, Mari; Saari, Päivi; Kukkonen, Jussi V. K.; Koivusalo, Harri; Piirainen, Sirpa; Setälä, Heikki; Sarjala, Tytti; Bylund, Dan; Heinonen, Jaakko; Nieminen, Mika; Palviainen, Marjo; Launiainen, Samuli; Finér, Leena

doi:10.1007/s11270-012-1142-4

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Temperature sensitivity patterns were evaluated for each soil type and soil faunal treatment. This study continues the works presented by Laurén et al [27] and Lappalainen et al [5,28], who demonstrated the role of soil fauna and soil type on different C and N release rates but did not study the effect of abiotic factors, such as temperature and moisture on C and N release.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The freeze-thaw cycle may have caused a momentary C and N flush, which was considered in the calculation by omitting the first measurement and thereafter considering the long-term rate of C and N release. Laurén et al [27] and Lappalainen et al [5] described the sample pre-treatment and defaunation and discussed the consequences of the defaunation on soil microbes and fauna.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In boreal soils, enchytraeid worms such as Cognettia sphagnetorum are functionally the most important faunal group [22,23,24,25]. Enchytraeid worms can double the CO 2 and DOC release from temperate peat soil [26] and significantly enhance N, CO 2 , and DOC release from boreal organic soils [5,27,28]. The temperature sensitivity of worm activity is largely unknown; however, it is likely that the function of soil fauna responds to temperature change and is therefore indirectly linked with GHG balance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature sensitivity patterns of carbon and nitrogen processes in decomposition of boreal organic soils – Quantification in different compounds and molecule sizes based on a multifactorial experiment

Laurén¹,

Lappalainen²,

Kieloaho³

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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Climate warming and organic matter decomposition are connected in a recursive manner; this recursion can be described by temperature sensitivity. We conducted a multifactorial laboratory experiment to quantify the temperature sensitivity of organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) decomposition processes of common boreal organic soils. We incubated 36 mor and 36 slightly decomposed Carex-Sphagnum peat samples in a constant moisture and ambient temperature for 6 months. The experiment included three temperature and two moisture levels and two food web manipulations (samples with and without fungivore enchytraeid worms). We determined the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in seven molecular size classes together with ammonium N and dissolved organic N in low molecular weight and high molecular weight fractions. The temperature sensitivity function Q10 was fit to the data. The C and N release rate was almost an order of magnitude higher in mor than in peat. Soil fauna increased the temperature sensitivity of C release. Soil fauna played a key role in N release; when fauna was absent in peat, the N release was ceased. The wide range of the studied C and N compounds and treatments (68 Q10 datasets) allowed us to recognize five different temperature sensitivity patterns. The most common pattern (37 out of 68) was a positive upwards temperature response, which was observed for CO2 and DOC release. A negative downward pattern was observed for extractable organic nitrogen and microbial C. Sixteen temperature sensitivity patterns represented a mixed type, where the Q10function was not applicable, as this does not allow changing the sign storage change rate with increasing or decreasing temperature. The mixed pattern was typically connected to intermediate decomposition products, where input and output fluxes with different temperature sensitivities may simultaneously change the storage. Mixed type was typical for N processes. Our results provide useful parameterization for ecosystem models that describe the feedback loop between climate warming, organic matter decomposition, and productivity of N-limited vegetation.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature sensitivity patterns of carbon and nitrogen processes in decomposition of boreal organic soils – Quantification in different compounds and molecule sizes based on a multifactorial experiment

Laurén¹,

Lappalainen²,

Kieloaho³

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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“…Thanks to their unique body plan, oligochaete worms are well adapted to benthic and underground environments and are found in a wide range of habitats. Their unique biological adaptations have been an important topic of study, especially their freeze tolerance (Brinkhurst 1980;Didden 1993;Lang & Reymond 1993;Rodriguez & Reynoldson 2011;Laurén et al 2012;Fisker et al 2014;Rashid & Pandit 2014;Dial et al 2016;Herrera et al 2017). Antarctic oligochaetes have specially adapted themselves to adverse environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two species of Lumbricillus (Enchytraeidae, Annelida) new to Antarctica

2019

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“…An oligochaete representative of such freeze-tolerant organisms is the enchytraeid Enchytraeus albidus (Henle 1837), which inhabits shorelines and organically rich soils of northern Europe, Greenland and Svalbard. Enchytraeus albidus remains near the surface of soils and in rotting seaweed on beaches year round where it plays an important role in the decomposition of dead organic material (Didden, 1993;Laurén et al, 2012). Because this species does not seek thermal refuge during cold periods it is highly exposed to fluctuating temperatures including repeated freeze-thaw events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of repeated freeze-thaw cycles on geographically different populations of the freeze tolerant wormEnchytraeus albidus(Oligochaeta)

Fisker

Holmstrup

Malte

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Freeze-tolerant organisms survive internal ice formation; however, the adaptations to repeated freeze-thaw cycles are often not well investigated. Here we report how three geographically different populations of Enchytraeus albidus (Germany, Iceland and Svalbard) respond to three temperature treatments -constant thawed (0°C), constant freezing (−5°C) and fluctuating temperature (0 to −5°C) -over a period of 42 days. Survival varied between treatments and populations such that enchytraeids from arctic locations had a higher survival following prolonged freeze periods compared with temperate populations. However, enchytraeids from temperate locations had the same survival rate as arctic populations when exposed to repeated freeze-thaw events. Across all populations, metabolic rate decreased markedly in frozen animals (−5°C) compared with thawed controls (0°C). This decrease is likely due to the lower temperature of frozen animals, but also to the transition to the frozen state per se. Animals exposed to repeated freeze-thaw events had an intermediate metabolic rate and freeze-thaw events were not associated with pronounced excess energetic costs. Overwintering under either condition was not associated with a decrease in lipid content; however, during exposure to constant freezing and repeated freeze-thaw events there was a noticeable decrease in carbohydrate stores over time. Thus, animals exposed to constant freezing showed a decrease in glycogen stores, while both glucose and glycogen content decreased over time when the organisms were exposed to repeated freezing. The results therefore suggest that carbohydrate resources are important as a fuel for E. albidus during freezing whereas lipid resources are of marginal importance.

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Nitrogen and Carbon Dynamics and the Role of Enchytraeid Worms in Decomposition of L, F and H Layers of Boreal Mor

Cited by 15 publications

References 52 publications

Temperature sensitivity patterns of carbon and nitrogen processes in decomposition of boreal organic soils – Quantification in different compounds and molecule sizes based on a multifactorial experiment

Temperature sensitivity patterns of carbon and nitrogen processes in decomposition of boreal organic soils – Quantification in different compounds and molecule sizes based on a multifactorial experiment

Two species of Lumbricillus (Enchytraeidae, Annelida) new to Antarctica

Effect of repeated freeze-thaw cycles on geographically different populations of the freeze tolerant wormEnchytraeus albidus(Oligochaeta)

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