Nitrogen and Boron Effects on Protein and Oil of Corn Grain

Jellum, M. D.; Boswell, F. C.; Young, Clyde T.

doi:10.2134/agronj1973.00021962006500020043x

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…This agrees with the results from Genter et al (1956), Welch (1969), Jellum et al (1973), and Jellum and Morion (1966). Based on the oil content increase in the population per se, Saratlic (1994) indicated that additive gene effects were the most important types of gene action governing this trait.…”

Section: Effect Of Selection On Genetic Parameterssupporting

confidence: 92%

Nine cycles of mass selection for increasing oil content in two maize (Zea mays L.) synthetics

2002

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The objectives of this study were to estimate changes in oil content, grain yield, percentage of broken plants and changes in yield components in the maize populations DS7u and YuSSSu. As estimations were performed at C0 and C9 for both populations, it was possible to observe changes occurring following long-term mass selection for high oil content. The synthetic population DS7u population was developed by recombination of 29 inbred lines of Yugoslav, Canadian and US origin. The synthetic population YuSSSu population is an Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic -BSS(R)C5. Progenies were derived according to the North Carolina Design II. Results indicated that nine cycles of selection led to statistically significant increase in oil content and statistically significant decrease for grain yield in both populations. Estimates of additive and dominance variances for grain oil content were highly significant in C0 and C9 of the population DS7u population. Dominance variance showed significance in the initial cycle of the population YuSSSu population, but it was not detected in the course of nine cycles of mass selection. Additive and dominance variances for grain yield were highly significant in both initial populations. Loss of significance did not result from selection, while the proportion of dominance vs. additive variance became greater. High narrow-sense heritability was detected for grain yield, oil content, moisture content, and cob percent in the initial cycles of both populations. Mass selection resulted in increased heritability for oil content and cob percent in the DS7u population and increased heritability for percentage of broken plants in the YuSSSu population. The strongest additive correlation between oil content and other traits was detected for grain moisture (r a = 0.90*) in the C9 of the DS7u population.

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Section: Effect Of Selection On Genetic Parameterssupporting

confidence: 92%

Nine cycles of mass selection for increasing oil content in two maize (Zea mays L.) synthetics

2002

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“…Genetic factors had a much greater influence tllan did environmental factors (26). Jellum also determined that southern corn leaf blight (27) and nitrogen and boron in fertilizers did not influence fatty acid composition (28).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid composition of oil from adapted, elite corn breeding materials

Dunlap

White

Pollak

et al. 1995

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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The fatty acid composition of corn oil can be altered to meet consumer demands for "healthful" fats (i.e., lower saturates and higher monounsaturates). To this end, a survey of 418 corn hybrids and 98 corn inbreds grown in Iowa was done to determine the fatty acid composition of readily-available, adapted, elite corn breeding materials. These materials are those used in commercial hybrid production. Eighty-seven hybrids grown in France (18 of which also were grown in lowa) were analyzed to determine environmental influence on fatty acid content. The parents of the hybrids and the inbreds were classified in one of four heterotic groups: Lancaster, Stiff Stalk, non-Lancaster/non-Stiff Stalk, and Other.t-Tests and correlation analyses were performed with statistical significance accepted at a level ofP≤0.05. The findings showed a wide range of fatty acid profiles present in adapted, elite corn breeding materials with ranges for each fatty acid as follows: palmitic acid, 6.7-16.5%; palmitoleic acid, 0.0-1.2%; stearic acid, 0.7-6.6%; oleic acid, 16.2-43.8%; linoleic acid, 39.5-69.5%; linolenic acid, 0.0-3.1%; and arachidic acid, 0.0-1.0%. Small amounts of myristic acid, margaric acid, and gadoleic acid also were found. Three lines had total saturates of 9.1% or less. Thirty-six of thet-tests involving hybrids showed significant differences among heterotic groups. There were small but significant correlations among protein, starch and oil content and the amounts of several fatty acids. Results from the corn grown in France vs. lowa demonstrated a large environmental effect that overwhelmed the genetic differences among lines. This study shows that for some attributes, a breeding program involving adapted corn breeding materials might produce the desired oil. Other types of oil (such as high-oleic) would have to be produced in a different manner, for example, by a breeding program with exotic breeding materials. ABSTRACT:The fatty acid composition of corn oil can be altered to meet consumer demands for "healthful" fats (i.e., lower saturates and higher monounsaturates). To this end, a survey of 418 corn hybrids and 98 corn inbreds grown in Iowa was done to determine the fatty acid composition of readily-available, adapted, elite corn breeding materials. These materials are those used in commercial hybrid production. Eighty-seven hybrids grown in France (18 of which also were grown in Iowa) were analyzed to determine environmental influence on fatty acid content. The parents of the hybrids and the inbreds were classified in one of four heterotic groups: Lancaster, Stiff Stalk, non-Lancaster/non-Stiff Stalk, and Other. t-Tests and correlation analyses were performed with $tatistical significance accepted at a level of P::; 0.05. The findings showed a wide range of fatty acid profiles present in adapted, elite corn breeding materials with ranges for each fatty acid as follows: palmitic acid, 6.7-16.5%; palmitoleic acid, 0.0-1.2%; stearic acid, 0.7-6.6%; oleic acid, 16.2-43.8%; linoleic acid, 39.5-69.5%; linoleni...

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“…Welch (1969) reported that nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium applications increased the oil concentration of corn grain slightly, but more important was that the increased grain yield resulted in greater oil production per unit of land area. In contrast, Jellum et al (1973) found that increasing nitrogen application rate had no influence on the oil concentration of corn grain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%