2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113411
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Nitrogen and bismuth-doped rice husk-derived carbon quantum dots for dye degradation and heavy metal removal

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Cited by 41 publications
(11 citation statements)
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“…Quantum yield (QY) was determined by the procedure reported by Hui et al (2021), using quinine sulfate in 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 ( η = 1.33, Φ = 0.54%) as the reference standard. 20,21 The QY of the carbon quantum dots was calculated using eqn (1):where Φ S and Φ R represent the quantum yields of sample and reference, respectively. ‘ A ’ is area under the emission curve and ‘ η ’ is the refractive index.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Quantum yield (QY) was determined by the procedure reported by Hui et al (2021), using quinine sulfate in 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 ( η = 1.33, Φ = 0.54%) as the reference standard. 20,21 The QY of the carbon quantum dots was calculated using eqn (1):where Φ S and Φ R represent the quantum yields of sample and reference, respectively. ‘ A ’ is area under the emission curve and ‘ η ’ is the refractive index.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Quantum yield (QY) was determined by the procedure reported by Hui et al (2021), using quinine sulfate in 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 (η = 1.33, Φ = 0.54%) as the reference standard. 20,21 The QY of the carbon quantum dots was calculated using eqn (1):…”
Section: Quantum Yield Determinationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additionally, the EDX mapping results showed that the dominating features on the surface of QDs were a broad uniform distribution of carbon and oxygen elements, showing that a more significant composition of wt% carbon with 72.4% compared to oxygen elements, with only 23.6%. Due to the increased propensity for more broken bonds to exist in the interfacial area, an adsorbent with an oxygen element content that is noticeably higher than average will increase in adsorption effectiveness [28,29]. The high proportion of oxygen atoms in the QDs caused it to be extensively oxidised, producing additional active sites on its surface.…”
Section: Characterizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For the doping of N and Bi, EDA with a volume ratio of 5 and 20 vol% and bismuth nitrate pentahydrate with a mass of 1 and 5 wt% were used. Following the various academic research for the synthesis of carbon quantum dots from rice husk, the hydrothermal temperature of 190 °C was chosen for synthesizing Bi-N-CQDs [ 46 ].…”
Section: Synthesis Techniques Of Mixed-doped Carbon Quantum Dotsmentioning
confidence: 99%