Nitrogen allocation of Gracilaria tikvahiae grown in urbanized estuaries of Long Island Sound and New York City, USA: a preliminary evaluation of ocean farmed Gracilaria for alternative fish feeds

Johnson, Roberta; Kim, Jang K.; Armbruster, Lisa; Yarish, Charles

doi:10.4490/algae.2014.29.3.227

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Research has shown that Ulva species express high growth rates and biomass yields, and provide effective bioremediation benefits [ 17 , 27 , 35 ]. As whole dried biomass, they can be a good source of marine protein for inclusion into aquafeeds [ 23 , 24 ]. This seaweed group is dominant within marine littoral zones from around the world, where it grows prolifically and vegetatively in thick, green mats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land-based drip-irrigated culture of Ulva compressa: The effect of culture platform design and nutrient concentration on biomass production and protein content

et al. 2018

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This work developed a laboratory prototype methodology for cost-effective, water-sparing drip-irrigation of seaweeds, as a model for larger-scale, on-land commercial units, which we envision as semi-automated, inexpensive polyethylene sheet-covered bow-framed greenhouses with sloping plastic covered floors, water-collecting sumps, and pumped recycling of culture media into overhead low-pressure drip emitters. Water droplets form on the continually wetted interior plastic surfaces of these types of greenhouses scattering incoming solar radiation to illuminate around and within the vertically-stacked culture platforms. Concentrated media formulations applied through foliar application optimize nutrient uptake by the seaweeds to improve growth and protein content of the cultured biomass. An additional attribute is that seaweed growth can be accelerated by addition of anthropogenic CO2-containing industrial flue gases piped into the head-space of the greenhouse to reuse and recycle CO2 into useful algal biomass. This demonstration tested three different drip culture platform designs (horizontal, vertical and slanted) and four increasing fertilizer media concentrations (in seawater) for growth, areal productivity, and thallus protein content of wild-collected Ulva compressa biomass, against fully-submerged controls. Cool White fluorescent lights provided 150–200 μmol photon m-2 s-1 illumination on a 12/12 hr day/night cycle. Interactive effects we tested using a four-level single factorial randomized block framework (p<0.05). Growth rates and biomass of the drip irrigation designs were 3–9% day-1 and 5–18 g m-2 day-1 (d.w.) respectively, whereas the fully-submerged control group grew better at 8–11% per day with of 20–30 g m-2 day-1, indicating further optimization of the drip irrigation methodology is needed to improve growth and biomass production. Results demonstrated that protein content of Ulva biomass grown using the vertically-oriented drip culture platform and 2x fertilizer concentrations (42:16:36 N:P:K) was 27% d.w., approximating the similarly-fertilized control group. The drip methodology was found to significantly improve gas and nutrient mass transfer through the seaweed thalli, and overall, the labor- and-energy-saving methodology would use a calculated 20% of the seawater required for conventional on-land tank-based tumble culture.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land-based drip-irrigated culture of Ulva compressa: The effect of culture platform design and nutrient concentration on biomass production and protein content

et al. 2018

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“…In the Americas, Chile is the most productive country, producing more than 12.8 tons per year with an annual value of US $29 million (FAO 2017). Most of the biomass is used in the phycocolloid industry as the main source of food grade agar (Pereira and Yarish 2008) and as an animal feed (Qi et al 2010, Johnson et al 2014. Gracilaria / Gracilariopsis contribute approximately 66% of the total agar production (Pereira and Yarish 2008).…”

Section: Gracilaria / Gracilariopsismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seaweeds are valued as food in many parts of Asia and in the western countries. Seaweeds are also used to produce animal feed, chemicals, paper, fertilizer, biofuel, and other renewable, derivative products, and even to test biological toxicity for human and environmental health (Han et al 2011, Johnson et al 2014, Hafting et al 2015, Kerrison et al 2015, Park et al 2016, Wells et al 2016. One goal for the development of sustainable aquaculture is to ensure that commercial aquaculture has minimal adverse effects on the environment.…”

Section: Ecosystem Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seaweed aquaculture: cultivation technologies, challenges and its ecosystem services

Kim

Yarish

Hwang

et al. 2017

ALGAE

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380

230

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Seaweed aquaculture technologies have developed dramatically over the past 70 years mostly in Asia and more recently in Americas and Europe. However, there are still many challenges to overcome with respect to the science and to social acceptability. The challenges include the development of strains with thermo-tolerance, disease resistance, fast growth, high concentration of desired molecules, the reduction of fouling organisms and the development of more robust and cost efficient farm systems that can withstand storm events in offshore environments. It is also important to note that seaweed aquaculture provides ecosystem services, which improve conditions of the coastal waters for the benefit of other living organisms and the environment. The ecosystem services role of seaweed aquaculture and its economic value will also be quantitatively estimated in this review.

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“…While many of these studies were conducted in Europe, sugar kelp aquaculture has also been investigated in both Canada and the USA (Brinkhuis et al 1984; Troell et al 2009; Redmond et al 2014; Kim et al 2015). Overall, however, seaweed industries in the northeast USA remains largely focused on wild harvests, with some recent efforts in aquaculture (Kim et al 2014 2017; Johnson et al 2014; Redmond et al 2014; Augyte et al 2017). In particular, there is an interest to develop S. latissima culture in the rural, economically impoverished region of eastern Maine (Hall-Arber et al 2005), to both diversify local industries and preserve the traditional fishing lifestyle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-scale population genetic structure of sugar kelp,Saccharina latissima(Laminariales, Phaeophyceae), in eastern Maine, USA

et al. 2018

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There is an interest to develop sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) cultivation in the rural, eastern Maine region of the USA. Future farming efforts would benefit from an understanding of the genetic diversity and population structure of kelp, to inform management and conservation, and to identify genetic resources. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the fine-scale population genetic structure of kelp in eastern Maine, using twelve microsatellite loci. A total of 188 samples were genotyped from five sampling locations. Overall, kelp exhibited relatively low genetic diversity and small but significant differentiation among populations (FST = 0.0157). The greatest genetic difference was detected between two geographically close populations in Penobscot and Frenchman Bays, which is likely due to patterns in the Eastern Maine Coastal Current that may limit meiospore recruitment. The population structure could not be fully explained by an isolation-by-distance model. Fine-scale structuring was also detected among populations along the more continuous, eastern Maine coastline. These differences highlight that sugar kelp populations are finely structured across small spatial scales, and that future management and farming efforts should aim to maintain genetic diversity and assess the culture potential of local populations.

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Nitrogen allocation of Gracilaria tikvahiae grown in urbanized estuaries of Long Island Sound and New York City, USA: a preliminary evaluation of ocean farmed Gracilaria for alternative fish feeds

Cited by 28 publications

References 52 publications

Land-based drip-irrigated culture of Ulva compressa: The effect of culture platform design and nutrient concentration on biomass production and protein content

Land-based drip-irrigated culture of Ulva compressa: The effect of culture platform design and nutrient concentration on biomass production and protein content

Seaweed aquaculture: cultivation technologies, challenges and its ecosystem services

Fine-scale population genetic structure of sugar kelp,Saccharina latissima(Laminariales, Phaeophyceae), in eastern Maine, USA

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