Nitrogen accumulation in kaolin mining wastes in cornwall I. Natural communities

Dancer, W. S.; Handley, John; Bradshaw, A. D.

doi:10.1007/bf00015165

Cited by 79 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Also. the biomass and nitrogen fixation of broom has been studied on kaolin mining wastes in CornWall (Dancer et al 1977). Broom has been introduced into North America and India where it is regarded as a serious nuisance by agriculturalists and foresters (Agrawal el al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of the ecology of broom (Cytisus scoparius) in Canterbury, New Zealand

Williams¹

1981

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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Broom (Cytisus s('Oparius) is more abundant than gorse (Ulex europaells) on the younger surfaces of Canterbury river beds and this is reflected in the number of seeds extracted from fresh alluvium. The patterns of emergence from alluvium in glasshouse experiments and in the field are described. Experiments on broom seedlings showed they developed a single leader in reduced light, in contrast with gorse, and they can grow in I()%, light. They grow on a range of natural soils and respond readily to superphosphate. The measurement of growth and phenology of broom in Canterbury showed growth to be most rapid at the lowest altitude site, where there were m~or and minor flowering periods. Shoot elongation was depressed during the main period of fruit maturation. The growth and phenology of broom in New Zealand appears to be more vigorous than in Europe, partly because of the absence of its major invertebrate predators. The adaptations of broom for the wide range of sites it occupies in New Zealand is demonstrated with reference to its position on the "r" and "k" continuum.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of the ecology of broom (Cytisus scoparius) in Canterbury, New Zealand

Williams¹

1981

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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“…comm.). Gorse's ability to grow in poor soils has been investigated in connection with mining site reclamation in Cornwall, England (Dancer et al 1977). The potential of gorse to enhance forest regeneration through early colonization and nitrogen fixation has been evaluated.…”

Section: Economic Importance (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(c) Physiology -Biomass accumulation of as much as 40-60 t ha -1 has been recorded in a variety of habitats (Egunjobi 1971a;Dancer et al 1977;Soto and Diez-Fierros 1997). The perennially green stem and spines photosynthesise year round, in conjunction with continuous nitrogen fixation activity, although growth is much reduced in winter (Radcliffe 1986).…”

Section: Growth and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 112. Ulex europaeus L.

Clements¹,

Peterson²,

Prasad³

2001

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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R. 2001. The biology of Canadian weeds. 112. Ulex europaeus L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: 325-337. Gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) is a leguminous shrub native to western Europe and North Africa. During the past century it has greatly expanded its adventive range in Australia, New Zealand, Chile and Europe, and along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of North America. In Canada, it is found in British Columbia (Vancouver, Vancouver Island, the Gulf Islands and Queen Charlotte Islands) where it is classed as a noxious weed. Gorse is also found from Virginia to Massachusetts on the east coast of North America. The shrub rapidly invades dry and disturbed areas, forming dense thickets that can suppress and inhibit native vegetation, including economically important conifer seedlings. It can occupy the same habitats as Scotch broom [Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link] but usually occurs on drier sites. Both of these legumes threaten native plant communities but U. europaeus persists longer and possesses conspicuous spines. Invasive characteristics of gorse include its evergreen habit, prolific seed production, longevity of seeds in the soil and nitrogen fixation. Human activities such as agriculture and construction of logging roads have accelerated the spread of gorse in British Columbia, but there is still an historic opportunity to restrict the population expansion that this species has exhibited in many other countries. Various methods of control (chemical, manual, biological and integrated) are evaluated. , mais il préfère habituellement des endroits plus secs. Ces deux légumineuses menacent les peuplements d'espèces indigènes, quoique la première persiste plus longtemps et présente des épines très évidentes. Parmi les caractéristiques qui font de l'ajonc d'Europe une plante envahissante, mentionnons un port semblable à celui des conifères, une production abondante de semences, la longévité des graines dans le sol et la capacité de fixer l'azote. Les activités humaines comme l'agriculture et la construction de chemins d'exploitation ont accéléré la propagation de l'ajonc d'Europe en Colombie-Britannique, mais on pourrait encore freiner son expansion, ce qui n'est plus le cas dans d'autres pays. Suit une évaluation de diverses méthodes de lutte (chimique, manuelle, biologique et intégrée).

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“…In the drier gorse-dominated scrub, frequent fires may prevent successions from ever being completed. Thus gorse can be questioned as a useful stage in the succession to indigenous forests (Druce, 1957, Dancer et al 1977. However, almost all these fires are deliberately set; theoretically they might be eliminated by public education and care in agricultural burning (although in practice this would be very difficult to achieve).…”

Section: Reproduction and Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gorse: A subject for biological control in New Zealand

MacCarter¹,

Gaynor

1980

New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture

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Gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) is a major weed of agriculture and forestry in New Zealand, particularly in low fertility hill country soils where it competes effectively with newly planted trees and sown pasture, and forms extensive tracts of impenetrable scrub if left unchecked. Levels of natural control are negligible, and as the New Zealand climate is very favourable to its growth gorse grows larger and spreads more vigorolJSly than in its native range of coastal and southern Europe. The introduced gorse seed weevil, Apion ulicis Forst., did not control the spread of gorse, but it established very successfully. Suggesting that further introductions may also establish well. Entomology Division, DSIR, is renewing its investigation of the biological control of gorse by introduced organisms. A stem boring weevil, Apion scutellare Kirby, and a leaf feeding moth, Agonopterix ulicetella (Stnt.) are being studied for possible introduction. Although control organisms are unlikely to eliminate gorse, they may restrict gorse vigour to a state more like that observed in most of its native range where it is part of the natural succession, but not a serious weed. Keywords Ecology; Ulex europaeus; biocontrol; weeds; entomology 321 INTRODUCTION This paper considers the ecology and biology of gorse (Ulex europaeus L.), its usefulness, its detrimental characteristics, and the problems associated with its control, with the purpose of assessing the nature of the gorse problem; the success of present control methods; and the possibility of introducing insects as biological control agents. throughout the country, eventually being declared a noxious weed in 1900 (Moss 1960). Gorse is also a problem in north-west Spain, South Australia, Tasmania, parts of the west coast of North America, and at high altitudes in Hawaii, where climate and land uses are similar to New Zealand.Gorse is a major weed of agriculture and forestry in New Zealand. It was introduced from England before 1835 as an inexpensive, quick growing hedge for stock containment and shelter (Moss 1960), but with present moves to wire and post fences and more efficient shelterbelts this use is being discontinued. Extensive agriculture over difficult terrain, combined with the generally mild climate of New Zealand, proved ideal for gorse growth and it was able to spread rapidly Received 13 June 1980 CLASSIFICATION AND MORPHOLOGY Ulex is a genus. of woody legumes with aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria contain in long-living root nodules (Reid' 1973). The rooting system of U. europaeus comprises a very deep taproot and extensive lateral roots a few centimetres below the soil surface, supplemented by a fine mat of adventitious roots from the swollen bases of aerial stems (Grubb et al. 1969, Heath &Luckwi111938).Although there are about 20 species of Ulex in western Europe and north-west Africa (Chapman et al. 1962), only two species are believed to have been 322 N.Z. Journal of Experimental Agriculture, Vol. 8, 1980 introduced into New Zealand. Allan (1940) (Millener 1972). ...

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Nitrogen accumulation in kaolin mining wastes in cornwall I. Natural communities

Cited by 79 publications

References 21 publications

Aspects of the ecology of broom (Cytisus scoparius) in Canterbury, New Zealand

Aspects of the ecology of broom (Cytisus scoparius) in Canterbury, New Zealand

The biology of Canadian weeds. 112. Ulex europaeus L.

Gorse: A subject for biological control in New Zealand

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