Nitrofurantoin, phenazopyridine, and the superoxide-response regulon soxRS of Escherichia coli

Amábile-Cuevas, Carlos F.; Arredondo-Garcı́a, José Luis

doi:10.1007/s10156-013-0635-4

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Nitrofurantoin, first patented in 1952 [109], is an antibiotic used to prevent and treat bacterial urinary tract infections (e.g., E. Coli, Enterobacter cystitis, Enterococcus, Klebsiella and Staphylococcus aureus) ( Figure 7). The mechanism of action of nitrofurantoin is complex and includes bacterial nitroreductase-catalyzed formation of various reactive intermediates [110].…”

Section: Nitrofurantoinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitroaromatic Antibiotics as Nitrogen Oxide Sources

Long

King

2021

Biomolecules

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Nitroaromatic antibiotics show activity against anaerobic bacteria and parasites, finding use in the treatment of Heliobacter pylori infections, tuberculosis, trichomoniasis, human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. Despite this activity and a clear need for the development of new treatments for these conditions, the associated toxicity and lack of clear mechanisms of action have limited their therapeutic development. Nitroaromatic antibiotics require reductive bioactivation for activity and this reductive metabolism can convert the nitro group to nitric oxide (NO) or a related reactive nitrogen species (RNS). As nitric oxide plays important roles in the defensive immune response to bacterial infection through both signaling and redox-mediated pathways, defining controlled NO generation pathways from these antibiotics would allow the design of new therapeutics. This review focuses on the release of nitrogen oxide species from various nitroaromatic antibiotics to portend the increased ability for these compounds to positively impact infectious disease treatment.

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Section: Nitrofurantoinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitroaromatic Antibiotics as Nitrogen Oxide Sources

Long

King

2021

Biomolecules

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“…MIC reduction by ASC was observed both, with bacteriostatic (nitrofurantoin, sulfamethoxazole) and bactericidal (fluoroquinolones, gentamicin) antibiotics, which could suggest that the effect is not related to the proposed generation of ROS by bactericidal agents [ 36 ]. However, both nitrofurantoin and sulfamethoxazole do elicit anti-oxidant responses in E. coli , activating the soxRS regulon the former [ 37 ], and the latter a family of pteridines, called “colipterins”, having anti-oxidant capabilities [ 38 ], suggesting that oxidative stress is also related to the action of these drugs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascorbate and Antibiotics, at Concentrations Attainable in Urine, Can Inhibit the Growth of Resistant Strains of Escherichia coli Cultured in Synthetic Human Urine

Amábile-Cuevas¹

2023

Antibiotics

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There are conflicting reports on the antibacterial activity of ascorbate; all at concentrations much higher than the typical in human plasma, but that can be reached in urine. The effect of 10 mM ascorbate (in itself not inhibitory) along with antibiotics, was tested both in Mueller-Hinton broth (MHb) and in synthetic human urine (SHU), against resistant isolates of Escherichia coli from lower urinary infections. The activity of nitrofurantoin and sulfamethoxazole was higher in SHU than in MHb; minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in SHU with ascorbate were below typical urinary concentrations. For other antibiotics, MICs were the same in MHb vs. SHU, with no effect of ascorbate in MHb; but in SHU with ascorbate, MICs of ciprofloxacin and gentamicin also went below reported urinary concentrations, with a lesser effect with norfloxacin and trimethoprim, and none with ampicillin. The effect of ascorbate was independent of oxygen and not related to the susceptibility of each strain to oxidative stress. Ascorbate oxidizes during incubation in SHU, and bacterial growth partially prevented oxidation. These results suggest that 10 mM ascorbate can enhance the inhibitory activity of antibiotics upon resistant strains in urine. Clinical experimentation with ascorbate–antibiotic combinations against urinary infections caused by resistant bacteria is warranted.

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“…The expression of soxRS regulon gene appear to be a drawback for Escherichia coli during nitrofurantoin therapy; but might be an advantage during phenazopyridine therapy, particularly when the final compound could act as a selective pressure for mutations related to virulence and multi antibiotic resistance. 48 Nitrofurantoin reaction with eosinophilia produces systemic symptom, may be lifethreatening condition, although very rarely observed. 49,50 Side Effects-Nitrofurantoin is normally well tolerated with common side effects include nausea and headache, Table 1.…”

Section: Discussion Therapeutic Uses Of Nitrofurantoinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Nitrofurantoin in the Management of Urinary Tract Infection - A Systematic Review

Alam¹,

Rana²,

Bhardwaj³

et al. 2019

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BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections are often caused by bacteria resistant to antibiotics which have evolved to be a major health issue in recent years. Often, urinary tract infections are very hard to treat and if not appropriately treated in time, may result in serious consequences, particularly, when it spreads to kidneys ultimately resulting in an increase in morbidity and mortality. Nitrofurantoin, a first line agent and has bactericidal action, frequently used to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infection. The literature was searched with published sources from Medline, PubMed and Embase search engines. Published articles were searched, of which 81 articles were eligible to be included for this systematic review. Nitrofurantoin is reduced by the action of bacterial flavoproteins to reactive intermediate compounds that non-specifically inactivate ribosomal proteins resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis. Various mechanisms seem to be responsible for the reduced capability of microorganism to acquire resistance in a faster manner. Nitrofurantoin exhibits high quality success against most bacteria anticipated in urinary tract infection. Nitrofurantoin has been recommended for prophylaxis in the treatment of reinfection in case of recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections in many western countries. Nitrofurantoin is one of the treatment options for urinary tract infection due to extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Escherichia coli. In pregnant women with urinary tract infection, nitrofurantoin can be appropriate treatment. Also, nitrofurantoin associated reactions have been reported in many studies. This review updates the clinical use of nitrofurantoin, including new facts about the role of nitrofurantoin in the therapy of community acquired urinary tract infection, adverse outcomes, complications, interactions and antibiotic resistance mechanism against different uropathogens.

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Nitrofurantoin, phenazopyridine, and the superoxide-response regulon soxRS of Escherichia coli

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Nitroaromatic Antibiotics as Nitrogen Oxide Sources

Nitroaromatic Antibiotics as Nitrogen Oxide Sources

Ascorbate and Antibiotics, at Concentrations Attainable in Urine, Can Inhibit the Growth of Resistant Strains of Escherichia coli Cultured in Synthetic Human Urine

Role of Nitrofurantoin in the Management of Urinary Tract Infection - A Systematic Review

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