Nitroarenes in Suimon River sediment

Sato, Takahiko; Kato, Kenji; Ose, Youki; Nagase, Hisamitsu; Ishikawa, Tetsuya

doi:10.1016/0165-1218(85)90108-9

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…ΣNPAH 5 (1- and 2-nitronaphthalenes, 1-nitropyrene, 6-nitrochrysene and 9-nitrophenanthrene) in Elbe river, Germany and Czech Republic ranged from 5.4 to 14.9 ng/g (Lubcke-von Varel et al, 2011). In sediments of the Suimon River, Japan, 1-nitropyrene and 2-nitrofluorene averaged 25 and 1.5 ng/g, respectively (Sato et al, 1985). Marine coastal sediments near Barcelona, Spain had 1-nitropyrene and 6-nitrochrysene concentrations of 0.68 and 0.52 ng/g dw, respectively (Fernandez et al, 1992).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Europe, NPAHs including nitronaphthalenes, 9-nitronaphthalene, 1-nitropyrene, 6-nitrochrysene and dinitropyrenes have been found at ppb levels in sediments from the Elbe River basin, Germany and Czech Republic (Lübcke-von Varel et al, 2012; Lubcke-von Varel et al, 2011). In sediments of the Suimon River, Japan, 1-nitropyrene and 2-nitrofulorene were measured at ppb levels (Sato et al, 1985). In marine (coastal) sediments collected off Barcelona, Spain, 1-nitropyrene and 6-nitrochrysene were found to contribute to the mutagenic activity (Fernandez et al, 1992), and NPAHs in the Hiroshima Bay Area, Japan, were found at concentrations up to 30 ng/g (2-nitrofluoranthene) (Ozaki et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), nitro-PAHs, and hopane and sterane biomarkers in sediments of southern Lake Michigan, USA

Huang

Chernyak

Batterman

2014

Science of The Total Environment

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PAHs in the Great Lakes basin are of concern due to their toxicity and persistence in bottom sediments. Their nitro derivatives, nitro-PAHs (NPAHs), which can have stronger carcinogenic and mutagenic activity than parent PAHs, may follow similar transport routes and also are accumulated in sediments. Limited information exists regarding the current distribution, trends and loadings of these compounds, especially NPAHs, in Lake Michigan sediments. This study characterizes PAHs, NPAHs, and biomarkers steranes and hopanes in surface sediments collected at 24 offshore sites in southern Lake Michigan. The ΣPAH14 (sum of 14 compounds) ranged from 213 to 1291 ng/g dry weight (dw) across the sites, levels that are 2 to 10 times lower than those reported 20 to 30 years earlier. Compared to consensus-based sediment quality guidelines, PAH concentrations suggest very low risk to benthic organisms. The ΣNPAH5 concentration ranged from 2.9 to 18.6 ng/g dw, and included carcinogenic compounds 1-nitropyrene and 6-nitrochrysene. ΣSterane6 and ΣHopane5 concentrations ranged from 6.2 to 36 and 98 to 355 ng/g dw, respectively. Based on these concentrations, Lake Michigan is approximately receiving 11, 0.16, 0.25 and 3.6 metric tons per year (t/yr) of ΣPAH14, ΣNPAH5, ΣSterane6 and ΣHopane5, respectively. Maps of OC-adjusted concentrations display that concentrations decline with increasing off-shore distance. The major sources of PAHs and NPAHs are pyrogenic in nature, based on diagnostic ratios. Using chemical mass balance models, sources were apportioned to emissions from diesel engines (56±18%), coal power plants (27±14%), coal-tar pavement sealants (16±11%), and coke ovens (7±12%). The biomarkers identify a combination of petrogenic and biogenic sources, with the southern end of the lake more impacted by petroleum. This first report of NPAHs levels in sediments of Lake Michigan reveals several carcinogenic compounds at modest concentrations, and a need for further work to assess potential risks to aquatic organisms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), nitro-PAHs, and hopane and sterane biomarkers in sediments of southern Lake Michigan, USA

Huang

Chernyak

Batterman

2014

Science of The Total Environment

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“…The mutagenic activity of nitroarenes has been well established and documented [Tokiwa et al, 1987;Claxton et al, 2007]. The nitroarenes 1-nitropyrene, 6-nitrochrysene, and 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene have been detected in river sediments, but they have failed to be identified as the major compounds that were responsible for the genotoxic risk [Sato et al, 1985;Ohe and Nukaya, 1996;Watanabe et al, 2005].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the genotoxicity of river sediments from industrialized and unaffected areas using a battery of short‐term bioassays

Aouadene¹,

Giorgio²,

Sarrazin³

et al. 2008

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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The present investigation evaluated the capacity of the Salmonella mutagenicity test, the comet assay, and the micronucleus assay to detect and characterize the genotoxic profile of river sediments. Three stations were selected on an urban river (Bouches du Rhône, France) exposed to various sources of industrial and urban pollution (StA, StB, and StC) and one station on its tributary (StD). One station in a nonurban river was included (REF). The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by HPLC, and the genotoxicity of the sediments was monitored by the Salmonella mutagenicity test (TA98 + S9, YG1041 +/- S9), the comet assay, and the micronucleus assay on CHO cells. Chemical analysis showed that the total PAH concentrations ranged from 23 microg kg(-1) dw (REF) to 1285 microg kg(-1) dw (StD). All the sediments were mutagenic in the Salmonella mutagenicity test. The mutagenicity was probably induced by the presence of nitroarenes (StA, StB, StC, and StD) and aromatic amines (REF) as deduced from the mutagenicity profiles of strains YG1041 +/- S9 and TA98 + S9. The comet assay revealed direct DNA lesions in REF, StA, and StB sediments and metabolization-dependent DNA damage in StC and StD. The micronucleus assay showed an absence of clastogenicity for StA +/- S9 and StC-S9, and a significant clastogenicity +/- S9 for the three other stations. The genotoxicity ranking determined by the comet assay + S9 matched the ranking of total and carcinogenic PAH concentrations, and this assay was found to be the most sensitive.

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“…The basic structures, fluorene and pyrene, are common in emissions from incomplete combustion. Because nitrogen oxides are also present during combustion, the reaction products NF and NP are common in environmental analyses (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). NP occurs in the particle phase, whereas NF is found with a 50/50 distribution in the particle and semivolatile phase (34).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a risk assessment for the urban citizen

Möller¹,

Lax²,

Eriksson³

1993

Environ Health Perspect

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Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) are formed during incomplete combustion. Sources include emissions from vehicles (mainly diesel vehicles), heating, smoking, certain types of food processing, and incomplete combustion in general. Nitro-PAHs are direct-acting mutagens, and a number of them have been shown to be carcinogens. 2-Nitrofluorene (NF) represents a model substance for the nitro-PAHs. An attempt has been made to calculate the human cancer risk due to exposure to nitro-PAHs by two different models. In the first model, genotoxic lesions were transferred to units of Gray (y-irradiation), and in the second model a mega study (24,000 animals) on the carcinogenicity of one metabolite of NF was used to elucidate the risk. Gamma-irradiation of the rat liver gave rise to preneoplastic foci in a dose-dependent manner. which was statistically significant. The Gray-equivalents of chemically (NF) induced foci were calculated, and from the human nitro-PAH exposure, expressed in Sievert, a human risk estimate was calculated. In the second model, an extrapolation from laboratory animals to man was performed because tumor data on 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), a major metabolite of NF, were available in the literature. The tumor dose-response data on AAF was linear for tested lifetime doses. The results ofboth models agreed, with a risk range of 0.15-49x 10 -i on human cancer risk for an urban citizen.

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Nitroarenes in Suimon River sediment

Cited by 36 publications

References 25 publications

PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), nitro-PAHs, and hopane and sterane biomarkers in sediments of southern Lake Michigan, USA

PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), nitro-PAHs, and hopane and sterane biomarkers in sediments of southern Lake Michigan, USA

Evaluation of the genotoxicity of river sediments from industrialized and unaffected areas using a battery of short‐term bioassays

Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a risk assessment for the urban citizen

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