Nitro-oxidized carboxylated cellulose nanofiber based nanopapers and their PEM fuel cell performance

Sharma, Sunil K.; Sharma, Priyanka R.; Wang, Likun; Pagel, Micheal; Borges, William Dias; Johnson, Ken I.; Raut, Aniket; Gu, Kevin; Bae, Chulsung; Rafailovich, Miriam; Hsiao, Benjamin S.

doi:10.1039/d2se00442a

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…These energy sources do not require rare or toxic catalysts, have high-power density and low start-up and operation temperatures (below 100 1C). [9][10][11][12] Currently, the majority of fuel cells are based on acidic PEM, [11][12][13][14][15][16] though new technologies are developing for production of fuel cells such as anion exchange membranes (AEM). [17][18][19][20] In contrast to PEM fuel cells, AEM fuel cells utilize alkaline electrolytes where the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) possesses faster kinetics compared to the acidic conditions found in PEM fuel cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of membrane mechanics on AEM fuel cell performance

et al. 2023

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of membrane mechanics on AEM fuel cell performance

et al. 2023

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“…It is likely that the citric acid not only cross-links the membrane, but also contributes extra negatively charged oxygen groups to enhance the proton hopping and thus decrease the activation energy. As shown in Table 2 , our Citric acid cross-linked CNF membranes demonstrate significantly improved power densities over literature precents utilizing a variety functionalized cellulose nanofibers [ 36 , 42 , 45 , 48 ]. Higher performances with “green” CNF membranes might be achieved by exploring other cross-linking agents with more extensive carboxyl groups that would facilitate enhanced proton conduction while also improving the mechanical properties of the membrane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Guccini et al evaluated the performance of thin carboxylated CNF-based membranes and obtained an optimized proton conductivity exceeding 1 mS cm −1 at 30 °C between 65 and 95% relative humidity (RH), only one order of magnitude lower than Nafion 212, while also exhibiting a lower hydrogen crossover despite being approximately 30% thinner [ 47 ]. We also recently achieved 14.2 mS cm −1 and a power density of 19.1 mW cm −2 at high temperature (80 °C) using nitro-oxidized CNFs with carboxylic acid functional groups [ 48 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Plant-Based Biopolymer Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells

Cai

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Carboxycellulose nanofibers (CNFs) promise to be a sustainable and inexpensive alternative material for polymer electrolyte membranes compared to the expensive commercial Nafion membrane. However, its practical applications have been limited by its relatively low performance and reduced mechanical properties under typical operating conditions. In this study, carboxycellulose nanofibers were derived from wood pulp by TEMPO oxidation of the hydroxyl group present on the C6 position of the cellulose chain. Then, citric acid cross-linked CNF membranes were prepared by a solvent casting method to enhance performance. Results from FT-IR spectroscopy, 13C NMR spectroscopy, and XRD reveal a chemical cross-link between the citric acid and CNF, and the optimal fuel cell performance was obtained by cross-linking 70 mL of 0.20 wt % CNF suspension with 300 µL of 1.0 M citric acid solution. The membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), operated in an oxygen atmosphere, exhibited the maximum power density of 27.7 mW cm−2 and the maximum current density of 111.8 mA cm−2 at 80 °C and 100% relative humidity (RH) for the citric acid cross-linked CNF membrane with 0.1 mg cm−2 Pt loading on the anode and cathode, which is approximately 30 times and 22 times better, respectively, than the uncross-linked CNF film. A minimum activation energy of 0.27 eV is achieved with the best-performing citric acid cross-linked CNF membrane, and a proton conductivity of 9.4 mS cm−1 is obtained at 80 °C. The surface morphology of carboxycellulose nanofibers and corresponding membranes were characterized by FIB/SEM, SEM/EDX, TEM, and AFM techniques. The effect of citric acid on the mechanical properties of the membrane was assessed by tensile strength DMA.

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“…Sharma et al developed nitro-oxidized carboxycellulose nanofibers (NOCNFs) from jute as a PEM [ 107 ]. NOCNFs were produced with 2 implementations, carboxylate and carboxylic acid.…”

Section: Cellulose Containing Cation Exchange Membrane For Pemfcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is due to nanopaper IIs increased tensile strength, hydrophilicity, dense surface, and conductivity. To create high-temperature membranes, nitro-oxidized nanocellulose paper may be used as a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and sustainable source [ 107 ]. In another method, the sulfonation functional group is introduced in CNF to enhance the ion exchange capacity (IEC) and ionic conductivity (IC) of CNF membranes [ 108 ].…”

Section: Cellulose Containing Cation Exchange Membrane For Pemfcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments on Bioinspired Cellulose Containing Polymer Nanocomposite Cation and Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells (PEMFC and AFC)

Thangarasu

2022

Polymers

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Hydrogen fuel cell (FC) technologies are being worked on as a possible replacement for fossil fuels because they produce a lot of energy and do not pollute the air. In FC, ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) are the vital components for ion transport between two porous electrodes. However, the high production cost of commercialized membranes limits their benefits. Various research has focused on cellulose-based membranes such as IEM with high proton conductivity, and mechanical, chemical, and thermal stabilities to replace the high cost of synthetic polymer materials. In this review, we focus on and explain the recent progress (from 2018 to 2022) of cellulose-containing hybrid membranes as cation exchange membranes (CEM) and anion exchange membranes (AEM) for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and alkaline fuel cells (AFC). In this account, we focused primarily on the effect of cellulose materials in various membranes on the functional properties of various polymer membranes. The development of hybrid membranes with cellulose for PEMFC and AFC has been classified based on the combination of other polymers and materials. For PEMFC, the sections are associated with cellulose with Nafion, polyaryletherketone, various polymeric materials, ionic liquid, inorganic fillers, and natural materials. Moreover, the cellulose-containing AEM for AFC has been summarized in detail. Furthermore, this review explains the significance of cellulose and cellulose derivative-modified membranes during fuel cell performance. Notably, this review shows the vital information needed to improve the ion exchange membrane in PEMFC and AFC technologies.

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Nitro-oxidized carboxylated cellulose nanofiber based nanopapers and their PEM fuel cell performance

Abstract: The fuel cell is the best alternative to compensate for today’s energy demand, but the high cost of fabrication of membrane (e.g., Nafion) hampers the prevalent commercialization. Plant-derived nanocellulose is...

Cited by 16 publications

References 72 publications

Effect of membrane mechanics on AEM fuel cell performance

Effect of membrane mechanics on AEM fuel cell performance

Sustainable Plant-Based Biopolymer Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells

Recent Developments on Bioinspired Cellulose Containing Polymer Nanocomposite Cation and Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells (PEMFC and AFC)

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