Nitro compounds as the core structures of promising energetic materials and versatile reagents for organic synthesis

Zlotin, Sergei G.; Далингер, И. Л.; Махова, Н. Н.; Tartakovsky, Vladimir A.

doi:10.1070/rcr4908

Cited by 76 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 389 publications

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“…These results show the wider applicability of conductive polymers in the hypergolic synthesis of a variety of carbon nanomaterials. Tentatively, electron-withdrawing heteroatoms in close proximity to conjugated double bonds seem to favor ignition by fuming nitric acid (e.g., through the formation of energetic nitro-compounds or peroxide intermediates) [ 46 , 47 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanostructures Derived through Hypergolic Reaction of Conductive Polymers with Fuming Nitric Acid at Ambient Conditions

et al. 2021

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Hypergolic systems rely on organic fuel and a powerful oxidizer that spontaneously ignites upon contact without any external ignition source. Although their main utilization pertains to rocket fuels and propellants, it is only recently that hypergolics has been established from our group as a new general method for the synthesis of different morphologies of carbon nanostructures depending on the hypergolic pair (organic fuel-oxidizer). In search of new pairs, the hypergolic mixture described here contains polyaniline as the organic source of carbon and fuming nitric acid as strong oxidizer. Specifically, the two reagents react rapidly and spontaneously upon contact at ambient conditions to afford carbon nanosheets. Further liquid-phase exfoliation of the nanosheets in dimethylformamide results in dispersed single layers exhibiting strong Tyndall effect. The method can be extended to other conductive polymers, such as polythiophene and polypyrrole, leading to the formation of different type carbon nanostructures (e.g., photolumincent carbon dots). Apart from being a new synthesis pathway towards carbon nanomaterials and a new type of reaction for conductive polymers, the present hypergolic pairs also provide a novel set of rocket bipropellants based on conductive polymers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanostructures Derived through Hypergolic Reaction of Conductive Polymers with Fuming Nitric Acid at Ambient Conditions

et al. 2021

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“…All these materials including ADN are regarded as the next generation materials [110–112] . ADN, an eco‐friendly & high performance oxidizer for composite propellants, is also synthesized on a large scale with the use of this new nitration methodology [113–118] …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Novel High Energy Materials for Improved Performance**

Agrawal

Dodke²

2021

Zeitschrift anorg allge chemie

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High Energy Materials (HEMs) is a generic/umbrella term which is used for explosives, propellants & pyrotechnics and form an integral part of almost all weapon systems. A large number of HEMs have been reported in the literature in last few decades. This review paper discusses these HEMs in the light of a new classification of explosives proposed by Agrawal: Thermally stable or Heat‐resistant explosives, High performance (high density & high velocity of detonation) explosives, Melt‐Castable explosives, Insensitive high explosives (IHEs), Energetic binders & plasticizers and Novel energetic materials synthesized with the use of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) technology. This review also critically examines these HEMs from the angles of scalability, processability, safety, reliability and performance in order to ascertain their potential for applications. In the end, problems associated with the use of currently available energetic materials & their likely solutions and areas for further research are also highlighted.

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“…Thus, heat-resistant, low-sensitivity and fast-burning compounds have been obtained. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Despite the fact that many energetic materials have been synthesized in the series of 1,2,4-triazole, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] currently only a few examples of their use in reactions with tetrazine derivatives are known. [27][28][29][30][31][32] These include both symmetrically and unsymmetrically substituted s-tetrazines, linked to the triazole ring (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Energetic 1,2,4,5‐Tetrazinyl Derivatives of 5‐Nitro‐2,4‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐one

et al. 2021

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By replacing the pyrazolyl fragment in 3,6-bis(3,5-dimethyl-1Hpyrazol-1-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine with 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), both mono-and disubstitution products have been synthesized. Further interaction of the obtained compounds with O-and N-nucleophiles led to the preparation of a number of polynitrogen tetrazine derivatives, including 2-[6-amino-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl]-5-nitro-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one and 5-nitro-2-[6-(1H-tetrazol-5-ylamino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one. The reactions of nucleophilic substitution of symmetrically substituted tetrazine were shown to proceed more selectively. The resulting compounds were identified using 1 H, 13 CNMR spectroscopy, FTIR, LC-MS, and elemental analysis, as well as using X-ray diffraction analysis. The thermal stability of the new compounds was evaluated under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions and their energy characteristics were calculated. An unusual drop in stability was found on going from symmetrically substituted tetrazines to asymmetric ones.

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Nitro compounds as the core structures of promising energetic materials and versatile reagents for organic synthesis

Cited by 76 publications

References 389 publications

Carbon Nanostructures Derived through Hypergolic Reaction of Conductive Polymers with Fuming Nitric Acid at Ambient Conditions

Carbon Nanostructures Derived through Hypergolic Reaction of Conductive Polymers with Fuming Nitric Acid at Ambient Conditions

Some Novel High Energy Materials for Improved Performance**

Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Energetic 1,2,4,5‐Tetrazinyl Derivatives of 5‐Nitro‐2,4‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐one

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