Nitrite sensor using activated biochar synthesised by microwave-assisted pyrolysis

Allende, Scarlett; Liu, Yang; Zafar, Muhammad Adeel; Jacob, Mohan V.

doi:10.1007/s42768-022-00120-4

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The results reported from the previous literature on nitrite and paraxon ethyl, although used multiple materials based on glassy carbon electrodes, the LOD and linear range were not superior or like the A.AS-BioC/SPCE electrode properties were achieved through this work. A few papers that used BioC for the detection of nitrite such as in [47][48][49][50] use complicated methods such as microwave synthesis, and chemical activation by phosphoric acids for long durations at elevated temperatures to activate the material. This highlights the advantages of the electrochemical method proposed here in this paper for the activation without compromising on the sensing properties.…”

Section: Electrochemical Detection and Selectivity Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Enrichment of Biocharcoal Modified on Carbon Electrodes for the Detection of Nitrite and Paraxon Ethyl Pesticide

Adiraju,

Brahem,

et al. 2024

J. Compos. Sci.

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Biocharcoal (BioC), a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and sustainable material can be derived from various organic sources including agricultural waste. However, to date, complex chemical treatments using harsh solvents or physical processes at elevated temperatures have been used to activate and enhance the functional groups of biochar. In this paper, we propose a novel easy and cost-effective activation method based on electrochemical cycling in buffer solutions to enhance the electrochemical performance of biocharcoal derived from almond shells (AS-BioC). The novel electrochemical activation method enhanced the functional groups and porosity on the surface of AS-BioC, as confirmed by microscopic, spectroscopic characterizations. Electrochemical characterization indicated an increase in the conductivity and surface area. A modified SPCE with activated AS-BioC (A.AS-BioC/SPCE), shows enhanced electrochemical performance towards oxidation and reduction of nitrite and paraxon ethyl pesticide, respectively. For both target analytes, the activated electrode demonstrates high electrocatalytic activity and achieves a very LOD of 0.38 µM for nitrite and 1.35 nM for ethyl paraxon with a broad linear range. The sensor was validated in real samples for both contaminants. Overall, the research demonstrates an innovative technique to improve the performance of AS-BioC to use as a modifier material for electrochemical sensors.

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Section: Electrochemical Detection and Selectivity Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Enrichment of Biocharcoal Modified on Carbon Electrodes for the Detection of Nitrite and Paraxon Ethyl Pesticide

Adiraju,

Brahem,

et al. 2024

J. Compos. Sci.

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“…Numerous fruit wastes, such as peels and husks from fruits like apples, bananas, oranges, pomelo, and dragon fruit, have been extensively studied for their potential to develop highly active electrochemical sensors [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. In a study by Zhang et al [ 39 ], an electrochemical catalyst was fabricated to simultaneously detect ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) analysis.…”

Section: Classification and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass-Derived Carbon-Based Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensing: A Review

Onfray,

Thiam

2023

Micromachines

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The diverse composition of biomass waste, with its varied chemical compounds of origin, holds substantial potential in developing low-cost carbon-based materials for electrochemical sensing applications across a wide range of compounds, including pharmaceuticals, dyes, and heavy metals. This review highlights the latest developments and explores the potential of these sustainable electrodes in electrochemical sensing. Using biomass sources, these electrodes offer a renewable and cost-effective route to fabricate carbon-based sensors. The carbonization process yields highly porous materials with large surface areas, providing a wide variety of functional groups and abundant active sites for analyte adsorption, thereby enhancing sensor sensitivity. The review classifies, summarizes, and analyses different treatments and synthesis of biomass-derived carbon materials from different sources, such as herbaceous, wood, animal and human wastes, and aquatic and industrial waste, used for the construction of electrochemical sensors over the last five years. Moreover, this review highlights various aspects including the source, synthesis parameters, strategies for improving their sensing activity, morphology, structure, and functional group contributions. Overall, this comprehensive review sheds light on the immense potential of biomass-derived carbon-based electrodes, encouraging further research to optimize their properties and advance their integration into practical electrochemical sensing devices.

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“…A semicircle region at higher frequencies attributed to the chargetransfer resistance (R ct ) and a linear region at lower frequencies corresponding to the diffusion process was observed for both electrodes. [55,56] The Rct values could be estimated by fitting the plot with an equivalent Randles circuit (inset, Figure 7), which was 206 and 79 Ω on the bare GCE and graphene/GCE, respectively. The substantial decrease in the R ct of graphene/GCE by a www.advmatinterfaces.de factor of ≈2.6 times suggests the fast electron-transfer kinetics due to the excellent electro-conductibility of the graphene material.…”

Section: Application Of Graphene In An Electrochemical Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma‐Based Synthesis of Freestanding Graphene from a Natural Resource for Sensing Application

Zafar

Liu

Hernández

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Inter

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The bottomup approach, that is, modified Hummers' method, is a well-established chemical synthesis technique to synthesize graphene. However, this technique, not only utilizes strong acids and oxidants [4,5] but also entails numerous steps of synthesis such as dilution, mixing, oxidation, reduction, washing, centrifuging, and intense stirring. [6] On the other hand, some of the bottom-up methods, in particular, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD) are expensive and laborious methodologies comprising pre-synthesis and post-synthesis requirements, that is, high vacuum, pre-heating, and subsequent transfer of graphene to other substrates. [7][8][9] Recently, a new bottom-up approach, so-called atmospheric pressure microwave plasma (APMP) is gaining popularity as it synthesizes graphene without the hassles of pre-heating, high vacuuming, and the need for a substrate. Most importantly, the graphene obtained through this method happens to be freestanding and scalable. [10,11] The precursors used for producing graphene have a significant role in determining the sustainability of the synthesis process. Often graphene is produced from commercially available graphite, [12] graphene oxide (GO), [13] methane, or other unreplenishable hydrocarbons. [14] These resources Atmospheric pressure microwave plasma has the lead in synthesizing freestanding and scalable graphene within seconds without the need for high vacuum and temperature. However, the process is limited in utilizing chemical sources for synthesis, such as methane and ethanol. Herein, the usage of an extract of a sustainable precursor, that is, Melaleuca alternifolia, commonly known as tea tree, is for the first time reported to synthesize graphene nanosheets in atmospheric pressure microwave plasma. The synthesis is carried out in a single step at a remarkably low microwave power of 200 W. The morphology, structure, and electrochemical properties of graphene are studied using state-of-the-art characterization techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The TEM images reveal the presence of a combination of nanostructures such as nano-horns, nano-rods, or nano-onions consisting of multi-layer graphitic architectures. An excellent sensing capability of as-synthesized graphene is demonstrated through the detection of diuron herbicide. A commendable linear range of 20 µm to 1 mm and a limit of detection of 5 µm of diuron is recorded.

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Nitrite sensor using activated biochar synthesised by microwave-assisted pyrolysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 61 publications

Electrochemical Enrichment of Biocharcoal Modified on Carbon Electrodes for the Detection of Nitrite and Paraxon Ethyl Pesticide

Electrochemical Enrichment of Biocharcoal Modified on Carbon Electrodes for the Detection of Nitrite and Paraxon Ethyl Pesticide

Biomass-Derived Carbon-Based Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensing: A Review

Plasma‐Based Synthesis of Freestanding Graphene from a Natural Resource for Sensing Application

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