Nitrite Inhalants: Historical Perspective

Gr, Newell; Mr, Spitz; Mb, Wilson

doi:10.1037/e496612006-001

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…A 1979 study found that 20% of dental and medical students had abused nitrous oxide 4 . The rate of nitrite use had been high in the late 1970s, with up to 5 million people using nitrites weekly by 1979; however, by the early 1980s, their use decreased substantially 5 …”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, some users may inhale 20 or more times over several hours 54 . Nitrites initially promote a floating sensation and increased skin perception, which is followed by reduced social and sexual inhibitions, heightened sexual arousal, relaxation of the anal sphincter, and prolonged orgasm 5 . The presumed mechanism of these effects is vasodilation and relaxation of smooth muscles.…”

Section: Nitritesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The user can have a sharp drop in both their systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with resulting tachycardia 56 . These rapid fluctuations can lead to transient effects that are manifest by inverted T waves and depressed ST segments on an ECG 5 . These compounds can also be quite caustic.…”

Section: Nitritesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Review of Inhalants

Brouette

2001

American J Addict

134

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While the rate of inhalant abuse continues to rise in this country, it remains one of the least studied or discussed groups of abused substances. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the epidemiology, pharmacology, and sequela of inhalant abuse. We will discuss three groups of inhalants: volatile solvents, nitrous oxide, and nitrites. We will then conclude by proposing means by which inhalant abuse may be prevented and treated.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nitritesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Review of Inhalants

Brouette

2001

American J Addict

134

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“…Instances of delirium and agitation during treatment with olanzapine have been reported in the elderly [2]. In younger adults the occurrence of delirium and agitation while on olanzapine has been recorded almost exclusively in the context of an overdose or toxicity [3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These substaces were originally used as antianginal agents but have since been superseded by glyceryl trinitrite because of the latter's better sideeffect profile. The side-effects of anycl and butyl nitrite are similar to those of glyceryl trinitrite, namely hypotension and headaches, but inhalant nitrites additionally cause euphoria, altered sense of time, and visual hallucinations [2]. Inhalant nitrites are popular among the homosexual community because relax the anal sphincter and purportedly heighten sexual pleasure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhalant Nitrite use in Bipolar Affective Disorder

Nathan

Bastiampillai

Naveen

2009

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

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should be aware of this possibility even without other risk factors.This case highlights three important points. First early initiation of clozapine, as recommended by the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists [6], can lead to strongly positive social and symptom outcomes that are recognized by the patient, family and professionals involved in care. Second the lower limit of the effect range, both by dose and by plasma level, is unclear and requires careful clinical review. In the present case, although plasma levels were very low, there was clear and sustained clinical effectiveness. Finally seizures can occur at low doses of clozapine, although this is rare. If they occur they can be effectively controlled with appropriate anticonvulsant medication and, in light of clozapine's proven superior effect, may be more appropriate than cessation of clozapine. References CORRESPONDENCE

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HIV as a surrogate marker for drug use: A re-analysis of the San Francisco Men's Health Study

1995

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Our analysis of drug use and morbidity data from a cohort of 1034 men yields the following results: 1) HIV infection is a strong indicator of drug use-HIV-positive respondents reported an average lifetime dose of recreational drugs (excluding marijuana) 2.3 times higher than HIV-negative respondents. 2) Homosexuality is a strong indicator of drug use-homosexual respondents reported an average lifetime dose 2.0 times higher than heterosexual respondents. 3) The incidence of AIDS-defining diseases was not limited to respondents infected with HIV, but was almost completely limited (98%) to respondents who reported using drugs. We also address a previous report (Ascher et al., 1993) that was based on the same database and purported to show that HIV alone correlates with the development of AIDS. Specifically, we show that the relationship between HIV infection and CD4+ T Cell loss is weaker than reported by Ascher et al., and provides little evidence for a causative relationship. These results support the hypothesis that long-term, habitual drug use can cause the conditions known as AIDS (independent of the presence of HIV), and refute the hypothesis that HIV alone causes these conditions independent of drug use.

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Nitrite Inhalants: Historical Perspective

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Clinical Review of Inhalants

Clinical Review of Inhalants

Inhalant Nitrite use in Bipolar Affective Disorder

HIV as a surrogate marker for drug use: A re-analysis of the San Francisco Men's Health Study

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