Nitrite dynamics in the open ocean—clues from seasonal and diurnal variations

Meeder, Efrat; Mackey, Katherine; Paytan, Adina; Shaked, Yeala; Iluz, David; Stambler, Noga; Rivlin, Tanya; Post, Anton F.; Lazar, Boáz

doi:10.3354/meps09525

Cited by 52 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Salinity remained stable at 40.7 PSU from the surface to 500 m. The concentrations of inorganic nutrients ranged from 1.7−2.2 µmol l −1 NO 3 + N O 2 (hereafter total inorganic nitrogen, TIN ), 0.99− 1.08 µmol l −1 Si(OH) 4 , and 0.1−0.12 µmol l −1 PO 4 . N utrient concentrations were higher than typical summer values, when surface concentrations decline to 0.05 µmol l −1 TIN, 0.8 µmol l −1 Si(OH) 4 , and < 0.01− 0.02 µmol l −1 PO 4 (Mackey et al 2007, Lazar et al 2008, Meeder et al 2012, Miller et al 2017, emphasizing the seasonal variability in nutrient availability. The measured winter concentrations were nonetheless comparable to low dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations measured from the upper surface layers in other oligotrophic locations (Karl et al 1993, Dore et al 1996.…”

Section: Defining Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Winter mixing impacts gene expression in marine microbial populations in the Gulf of Aqaba

Miller¹,

Pfreundt²,

Hou³

et al. 2017

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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In aquatic systems, changes in temperature and irradiance fundamentally characterize the water column and regulate microbial population structure and function. In systems with stable thermal stratification, the warm surface mixed layer is typically nutrient impoverished, limiting biological production. In periods of destratification, convective mixing of the water column exposes the microorganisms inhabiting these mixed systems to rapid variations in light availability and spectra. We explored the impact of winter deep-mixing (500 m deep mixed layer) on microbial communities from the surface (2.5 m) and the aphotic waters (440 m) in the Gulf of Aqaba by examining changes in both population composition and function via DNA and RNA sequencing. The greatest fraction of 16S sequences was assigned to Euryarchaeota, while metatranscriptomes were dominated by Synechococcus transcripts. Community composition was highly similar at both depths, yet transcription profiles differed. Phototrophic organisms found at the photic surface overexpressed genes related to catabolism and energy metabolism, while genes affiliated with biosynthesis were overexpressed at the aphotic depth. Similar transcriptional trends were observed in the non-photoautotrophs SAR11, Euryarchaeota, and Thaumarchaeota, with niche partitioning based on differential utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus occurring between the 2 archaeal groups. We did not detect upregulated expression of cyanobacterial genes indicative of mixotrophy or glycogen metabolism in the aphotic zone, suggesting they survive the aphotic period by utilizing photosynthates produced in the photic zone. Indications for a mixotrophic lifestyle were observed for prasinophytes, with genes related to phagocytosis overexpressed at the aphotic depth compared with the surface.

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Section: Defining Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Winter mixing impacts gene expression in marine microbial populations in the Gulf of Aqaba

Miller¹,

Pfreundt²,

Hou³

et al. 2017

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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“…1b). This succession of nitrite and ammonium concentration maxima can indicate successive nitrification acting as ammonium and nitrite sink, respectively (Meeder et al, 2012). Nitrification will, however, need to compete for ammonium with phytoplankton (Ward et al, 1984), and the resulting nitrite may be subject to various consumption pathways.…”

Section: Sources Of Nitrite and Ammoniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrite consumption and associated isotope changes during a river flood event

2016

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Abstract. In oceans, estuaries, and rivers, nitrification is an important nitrate source, and stable isotopes of nitrate are often used to investigate recycling processes (e.g. remineralisation, nitrification) in the water column. Nitrification is a twostep process, where ammonia is oxidised via nitrite to nitrate. Nitrite usually does not accumulate in natural environments, which makes it difficult to study the single isotope effect of ammonia oxidation or nitrite oxidation in natural systems.However, during an exceptional flood in the Elbe River in June 2013, we found a unique co-occurrence of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate in the water column, returning towards normal summer conditions within 1 week. Over the course of the flood, we analysed the evolution of δ 15 N-NH During the flood event, > 97 % of total reactive nitrogen was nitrate, which was leached from the catchment area and appeared to be subject to assimilation. Ammonium and nitrite concentrations increased to 3.4 and 4.4 µmol L −1 , respectively, likely due to remineralisation, nitrification, and denitrification in the water column. δ 15 N-NH + 4 values increased up to 12 ‰, and δ 15 N-NO − 2 ranged from −8.0 to −14.2 ‰. Based on this, we calculated an apparent isotope effect 15 ε of −10.0 ± 0.1 ‰ during net nitrite consumption, as well as an isotope effect 15 ε of −4.0 ± 0.1 ‰ and 18 ε of −5.3 ± 0.1 ‰ during net nitrate consumption. On the basis of the observed nitrite isotope changes, we evaluated different nitrite uptake processes in a simple box model. We found that a regime of combined riparian denitrification and 22 to 36 % nitrification fits best with measured data for the nitrite concentration decrease and isotope increase.

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“…() reported that tomato plants grown under anaerobic conditions are able to utilize nitrate for ‘nitrate respiration’ and excrete nitrite.

{NO}_{2}^{-}

is also abundant in oceans at the base of the euphotic zone where it accumulates as a result of nitrification during summer and excretion by phytoplankton during winter (Meeder et al ., ). Its concentration in oceans normally ranges from 10 to 400 nM, but can reach up to 4500 nM (Lomas & Lipschultz, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of nitrite uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana: evidence for a nitrite‐specific transporter

2013

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SummaryNitrite-specific plasma membrane transporters have been described in bacteria, algae and fungi, but there is no evidence of a nitrite-specific plasma membrane transporter in higher plants. We have used 13 NO À 2 to characterize nitrite influx into roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Hydroponically grown Arabidopsis mutants, defective in high-affinity nitrate transport, were used to distinguish between nitrate and nitrite uptake by means of the short-lived tracers 13 NO À 2 and 13 NO À 3 . This approach allowed us to characterize a nitrite-specific transporter. The Atnar2.1-2 mutant, lacking a functional high-affinity nitrate transport system, is capable of nitrite influx that is constitutive and thermodynamically active. The corresponding fluxes conform to a rectangular hyperbola, exhibiting saturation at concentrations above 200 lM (K m = 185 lM and V max = 1.89 lmol g À1 FW h À1

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Nitrite dynamics in the open ocean—clues from seasonal and diurnal variations

Cited by 52 publications

References 40 publications

Winter mixing impacts gene expression in marine microbial populations in the Gulf of Aqaba

Winter mixing impacts gene expression in marine microbial populations in the Gulf of Aqaba

Nitrite consumption and associated isotope changes during a river flood event

Characterization of nitrite uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana: evidence for a nitrite‐specific transporter

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