Nitrite and Nitric Oxide as Potential Diagnostic Markers in Acute Vascular Diseases

Silver, James H.

doi:10.4172/2155-9562.s1-005

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 132 publications

(218 reference statements)

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“…Determining a diagnostic marker of endogenous NO bioavailability has been a major topic of research, one which would have clinical implications for monitoring cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and other conditions [1; 2; 3; 4]. Endothelial dysfunction has been noted as a key event in early atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between plasma and salivary NOx

et al. 2015

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Several studies have shown that fasting plasma nitrite (NO2−) is an indicator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity while plasma nitrate (NO3−) or the sum of NO2− and NO3− (NOx) do not reflect NOS function. Plasma NO2− can also be elevated through dietary NO3− where the NO3− is partially reduced to NO2− by oral bacteria and enters the plasma through the digestive system. NO3− is taken up from plasma by salivary glands and the cycle repeats itself. Thus, one may propose that salivary NO2− is an indicator of plasma NO2− and consequently of NO production. Many brands of nitric oxide (NO) saliva test strips have been developed that suggest that their product is indicative of circulatory NO availability. However, data supporting a relationship between salivary and plasma NO2− or NO bioavailability is lacking. Here we have measured basal salivary and plasma NO2− and NO3− to determine if any correlation exists between these in 13 adult volunteers. We found no significant correlation between basal salivary and plasma NO2−. Also no correlation exists between salivary NO3− and plasma NO2−. However, we did see a correlation between salivary NO3− and plasma NO3−, and between salivary NO2− and plasma NO3−. In a separate study, we compared the efficiency of salivary NO3− reduction with the efficacy of increasing plasma NO3− and NO2− after drinking beet juice, a high NO3−-containing beverage, in 10 adult volunteers. No significant correlation was observed between the ex vivo salivary reduction of NO3− to NO2− and plasma increases in NO3− or NO2−. These results suggest that measures of salivary NO3−, NO2− or NOx are not good indicators of endothelial function. In addition, the efficiency of saliva to reduce NO3− to NO2− ex-vivo does not demonstrate one’s ability to increase plasma NO2− following consumption of dietary NO3−.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between plasma and salivary NOx

et al. 2015

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“…Nitric oxide is recognized as an important part of the immune system. Its increase has been correlated with high levels of nitrites in plasma upon inflammation [55]. Since the concentrations of nitrites measured by the macrophages exposed to DCNPs and DCNPs-FA were lower than the positive control, it is possible to confirm that none of the tested NPs induced any in vitro inflammatory responses exerted by nitrites.…”

Section: Nanotoxicological Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Nanotoxicological Assessments to Warranty the use of Functionalized Y2O3 Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Chávez-García¹,

Juárez-Moreno²,

Reyes³

et al. 2020

Adv. Mater. Lett.

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“…Currently, there is limited information about the role of NO in avian cardiac function and fever; however, selection of this specific parameter in this study was based on the considerable documents that support the correlation between body temperature and NO plasma levels in septic shock in mammals (Gerstberger 1999;Pereira et al 2014). Another reason was the importance of measurement of NO as a potential diagnostic marker in acute vascular diseases such as sepsis (Silver 2011). As described previously, at 2 h post challenge, a significant increase in serum NO level in the LPS-challenged group compared with the NC group was observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative effects of meloxicam and dexamethasone in chickens with experimental systemic inflammation: clinical outcome and cardiovascular parameters

et al. 2021

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Minimal information is available on treatment strategies with anti-inflammatory drugs in systemic inflammation of birds. The present study was conducted to evaluate the comparative effects of meloxicam and dexamethasone at different single doses on clinical outcome and cardiovascular parameters in broilers with experimental systemic inflammation induced by E. coli lipopolysaccharide)LPS(. A total of 36 Ross broiler chickens were divided to six groups (n = 6 males/group): (NC) negative control; (PC) positive control: LPS (from Escherichia coli O55:B5, 0.5 mg/kg, intravenously); (T1) LPS + meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg; intramuscular (IM)); (T2) LPS + meloxicam (2 mg/kg, IM); (T3) LPS + dexamethasone (2 mg/kg, IM); and (T4) LPS + dexamethasone (4 mg/kg, IM). Anti-inflammatory drugs were administered right after the induction of endotoxemia. LPS significantly influenced clinical signs' severity scores and increased nitric oxide (NO) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) activity in the PC group. A biphasic response of body temperature was observed in LPS-induced birds. Administration of both drugs in low or high dose improved the therapeutic outcome as shown by reduced clinical signs' severity scores in treatment groups. The higher dose of dexamethasone was more effective in hypothermic phases. Meloxicam or dexamethasone induced a decrease in serum CK-MB activity and cTnI level, whereas no change was observed in serum NO levels and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity. In conclusion, a single administration of meloxicam or dexamethasone was effective in the acute management of a systemic inflammatory process in chickens. Considering both effects and plausible side effects, dexamethasone at 2 mg/kg appears to be preferable in terms of therapeutic effects.

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Nitrite and Nitric Oxide as Potential Diagnostic Markers in Acute Vascular Diseases

Cited by 8 publications

References 132 publications

The relationship between plasma and salivary NOx

The relationship between plasma and salivary NOx

Nanotoxicological Assessments to Warranty the use of Functionalized Y2O3 Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Comparative effects of meloxicam and dexamethasone in chickens with experimental systemic inflammation: clinical outcome and cardiovascular parameters

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