Nitrile hydration catalysed by palladium(II) complexes

The Complexes [OsCl2(azole)2(dmso)2] and [OsCl2(azole)(dmso)3]: Synthesis, Structure, Spectroscopic Properties and Catalytic Hydration of Chloronitriles

“…The selective hydration of nitriles to carboxamides is currently an important laboratory and industrial reaction. [37,38] The conversion of acrylonitrile into acrylamide, which is an important industrial reagent, for instance, is of considerable practical significance. [38,39] Such reactions are often base or acid catalysed.…”

Mechanism of TBD-catalyzed hydrolysis of acetonitrile

“…Therefore, two water molecules as reactants are required in the complete process. And the hydrolysis could be catalyzed by acid, base and metal complexes [5][6][7][8][9]. Although it is not clear how the catalysts can weaken the barriers for nitrile hydrations, different strategies have been envisioned.…”

O–H Activation and Addition to Unsaturated Systems

“…The present catalyst system was ineffective for hydration of other olefins, however. 4 ] + at 40°C [73]. A kinetic study indicated that internal attack on the Pd-coordinated nitrile ligand by the aqua (not hydroxide) ligand and external attack on the nitrile ligand by solvent water occur at a similar rate.…”