Nitrification at different salinities: Biofilm community composition and physiological plasticity

Gonzalez-Silva, Blanca M.; Jonassen, Kjell Rune; Bakke, Ingrid; Østgaard, Kjetill; Vadstein, Ôlav

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.050

Cited by 107 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The compositions of ammonia-oxidizing communities in freshwater and marine systems were distinct, and composite clone libraries of AOA amoA genes revealed distinct freshwater and saltwater clusters. Sequencing 16S rRNA amplicons, Gonzalez-Silva et al ( 2016 ) showed significantly different AOB communities in cultures originating from freshwater, brackish (20‰) and seawater environments; 60% of the total operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were unique to that environment. Real-time PCR would provide an assessment of the level of amoA gene expression, while assessment of ammonia flux (Ward 1987 ; Wuchter et al 2006 ) would provide the direct measure of greatest interest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays that target the amoA gene are sufficiently sensitive and non-specific to detect a broad range of microbes containing the enzyme in environmental samples (Sinigalliano et al 1995 ). While studies of ammonia-oxidizing microbial communities of aquaculture biofilters have been executed (Tal et al 2003 ; Sugita et al 2005 ; Itoi et al 2006 ; Foesel et al 2008 ; Urakawa et al 2008 ; Schreier et al 2010 ; Sauder et al 2011 ; Keuter 2011 ; Sakami et al 2012 ; Blancheton et al 2013 ; Brown et al 2013 ; Kruse et al 2013 ; Bagchi et al 2014 ; Rurangwa et al 2014 ; Michaud et al 2014 ; Ruan et al 2015 ; Gonzalez-Silva et al 2016 ; Huang et al 2016 ; Lee et al 2016 ; Bartelme et al 2017 ; Keuter et al 2017 ), molecular genetic and bioinformatic tools as well as DNA sequence archives for bacterial characterization have improved recently, especially for ammonia-oxidizing microbes. Further, characterization of a broader range of marine RAS would deepen our insight into microbial community structure and function under a range of culture conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea within biofilters of a commercial recirculating marine aquaculture system

et al. 2018

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While biofilters are widely used to metabolize ammonia and other wastes in marine recirculating aquaculture systems, the ammonia-oxidizing bacterial and archaeal communities have not been characterized across a diversity of production systems. Using a metagenomics approach, we characterized the ammonia-oxidizing microbiological community of biofilters in a commercial recirculating marine aquaculture system producing hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus × E. fuscoguttatus). Cloning and sequencing of the amoA gene showed that nitrifying bacteria included Nitrosomonas europea, N. stercoris, N. cryotolerans, N. eutropha, N. estuarii, eight strains of N. marina, and 15 strains not associated with described species. Nitrifying archaea included eight strains of Nitrosopumilus maritimus, N. koreensis, N. piranensis, N. adriaticus, undescribed congeners, and other undescribed archaea. The species composition of the bacterial and especially the archaeal communities was beyond that yet reported for aquaculture biofilters. While ammonia flux through the respective communities has yet to be estimated, the diverse environmental adaptations of the bacterial and archaeal communities suggest resilience of function under a range of environmental conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea within biofilters of a commercial recirculating marine aquaculture system

et al. 2018

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“…Unless otherwise mentioned, the term ammonia denotes total ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N + NH 4 + -N). The experimental setup contained two 0.6 L aerated glass reactors filled (50% by volume) with biofilm carriers (AnoxK TM 1, AnoxKaldnes, Sweden) 21 . The carriers were started on a synthetic medium without organic carbon.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrifying biofilms deprived of organic carbon show higher functional resilience to increases in carbon supply

Navada

Knutsen

Bakke

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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In nitrifying biofilms, the organic carbon to ammonia nitrogen (C/N) supply ratio can influence resource competition between heterotrophic and nitrifying bacteria for oxygen and space. We investigated the impact of acute and chronic changes in carbon supply on inter-guild competition in two moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR), operated with (R1) and without (R0) external organic carbon supply. The microbial and nitrifying community composition of the reactors differed significantly. Interestingly, acute increases in the dissolved organic carbon inhibited nitrification in R1 ten times more than in R0. A sustained increase in the carbon supply decreased nitrification efficiency and increased denitrification activity to a greater extent in R1, and also increased the proportion of potential denitrifiers in both bioreactors. The findings suggest that autotrophic biofilms subjected to increases in carbon supply show higher nitrification and lower denitrification activity than carbon-fed biofilms. This has significant implications for the design of nitrifying bioreactors. Specifically, efficient removal of organic matter before the nitrification unit can improve the robustness of the bioreactor to varying influent quality. Thus, maintaining a low C/N ratio is important in nitrifying biofilters when acute carbon stress is expected or when anoxic activity (e.g. denitrification or H 2 S production) is undesirable, such as in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS).

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“…These are systems with high reuse of water (>90%) that traditionally have been designed with removal of particles by mechanical processes and detoxification of ammonia by biological processes (nitrification by chemoautotrophic bacteria) in a biofilter ( Summerfelt and Penne, 2005 ; Martins et al, 2010 ). However, most of the bacteria in the biofilter are heterotrophic and rely on the supply of DOM ( Michaud et al, 2006 ; Blancheton et al, 2013 ; Gonzalez-Silva et al, 2016 ). As most of the DOM is consumed in the biofilter, these heterotrophic bacteria may, as in MMS, influence the microbiota of the water ( Leonard et al, 2002 ).…”

Section: A Hypothesis For Microbial Community Management and Two Methmentioning

confidence: 99%

K-Selection as Microbial Community Management Strategy: A Method for Improved Viability of Larvae in Aquaculture

et al. 2018

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Aquaculture has the potential to become a major food supplier in a world with an increasing human population, and increased consumption of fish will likely have positive health implications. For marine aquaculture, the production of high quality juveniles is a bottleneck. Survival until the juvenile stage is typically as low as 10–15% for many species, which indicates suboptimal rearing conditions. Substantial evidence indicates that the poor performance and viability of larvae is largely due to detrimental larvae-microbiota interactions. This emphasises the need for microbial management strategies in the cultivation of marine fish larvae. Disinfection and probiotics are the most studied microbial management methods so far. However, most studies on these methods overlooked the role of mutualistic relationships between microbes and hosts, and have not proposed or examined methods steering toward such relationships. Based on ecological theory and a number of experiments, we find support for the hypothesis that current practise in aquaculture generally selects for r-strategic, opportunistic microbes, which results in detrimental host–microbiota interactions. Thus, the challenge is to develop technology and methods for microbial management at the ecosystem level that creates a K-selected microbial community, and by this mean select against r-strategic opportunists. Here we summarise experiments done during 25 years and with marine larvae of five different species showing that: (1) K-selection strategies result in different water microbiota with less opportunists, (2) this influences the microbiota of the fish larvae, and (3) the larvae cultivated in water inhabited by a K-selected microbiota perform better. Improved performance of larvae includes improved appetite, earlier onset of and faster growth, increased survival, and increased robustness to stress. K-selection as a method for management of the microbial community is a robust approach that allows steering of host–microbiota interactions in larviculture toward mutualism. It could also be applicable for young stages of other domesticated animals. Our review illustrates that a change from a “beat-them” to a “join-them” strategy for microbial management in larval rearing can lead to a more sustainable aquaculture industry.

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Nitrification at different salinities: Biofilm community composition and physiological plasticity

Cited by 107 publications

References 45 publications

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea within biofilters of a commercial recirculating marine aquaculture system

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea within biofilters of a commercial recirculating marine aquaculture system

Nitrifying biofilms deprived of organic carbon show higher functional resilience to increases in carbon supply

K-Selection as Microbial Community Management Strategy: A Method for Improved Viability of Larvae in Aquaculture

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