Nitride Precipitation in Weld HAZs of a Duplex Stainless Steel.

Liao, Jinsun

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.41.460

Cited by 76 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The total fraction of Cr 2 N was 0.33 % and the fraction of CrN was 0.41 %. There has been work published on Cr 2 N and most is in agreement that Cr 2 N is stable and co-exists with v-phase and r-phase precipitates [6, 10, 12-16, 27, 28, 34, 36, 48, 61, 62], but far less is known about CrN [11,36].…”

Section: Ebsd Microstructure Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formation of Cr-nitrides is usually associated with increased ferrite contents in duplex stainless steels [11,36,61,62], and large fractions of nitrides have, therefore, been observed in welds and heat-affected zones [11,34]. The formation of Cr 2 N has been reported to either occur during cooling, when ferrite is supersaturated with nitrogen leading to the formation of elongated and discretely-shaped intra-granular precipitates with 0001 h i Cr 2 N 011 d h i k orientation relationship, or during isothermal ageing in the 700-900°C temperature range where inter-granular Cr 2 N precipitates are formed on dd-and dc-boundaries [16].…”

Section: Ebsd Microstructure Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the ferrite can decompose into a series of meta-stable and thermodynamically stable phases, whilst the austenite has often been stated to be unaffected [2,4,6]. However, phase reactions can also occur in the austenite, increasing the volume fraction of secondary phase products in the microstructure [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Components made with large wall thicknesses, therefore, usually contain intermetallic phases due to variations in cooling rates after high temperature treatments, with the core of components typically containing large volume fractions [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlative EBSD and SKPFM characterisation of microstructure development to assist determination of corrosion propensity in grade 2205 duplex stainless steel

Örnek

Engelberg

2015

J Mater Sci

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Correlative electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) analysis has been carried out to characterise microstructure development and associated corrosion behaviour of as-received and 750°C heat-treated grade 2205 duplex stainless steel. High-resolution EBSD analysis revealed the presence of r-and v-phase, secondary austenite, Cr 2 N, and CrN after ageing treatment. SKPFM Volta potential measurements confirmed the formation of discrete reactive sites, indicating local corrosion propensity in the microstructure. Cr 2 N, r-phase, and inter-granular v-phase had the largest net cathodic activity, followed by CrN and intra-granular v-phase showing medium electrochemical activity, with ferrite and austenite (including secondary austenite) showing net anodic activity. Corrosion screening confirmed selective corrosion of ferrite in the as-received and 750°C-aged conditions with the corrosion propensity of secondary phases staying in-line with SKPFM observations. Stress corrosion micro-cracks were also observed and are discussed in light of microstructure corrosion propensity.

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Section: Ebsd Microstructure Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ebsd Microstructure Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlative EBSD and SKPFM characterisation of microstructure development to assist determination of corrosion propensity in grade 2205 duplex stainless steel

Örnek

Engelberg

2015

J Mater Sci

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“…In this case the time at the annealing temperature has a crucial influence on the amount and the size of the precipitated isothermal Cr 2 N particles. The presence of chromium nitrides in DSSs is often observed in practice [5,[10][11][12], especially for highly alloyed DSSs because of higher N and Cr contents. In some cases, nitrides may be detrimental for the corrosion resistance of the material when exposed to aggressive environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of corrosion behavior of a 22% Cr duplex stainless steel: Influence of nano-sized chromium nitrides and exposure temperature

Bettini

Kivisäkk

Leygraf

et al. 2013

Electrochimica Acta

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PostprintThis is the accepted version of a paper published in Electrochimica Acta. This paper has been peerreviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination.Citation for the original published paper (version of record):Bettini, E., Kivisäkk, U., Leygraf, C., Pan, J. [Year unknown!] Study of corrosion behavior of a 22% Cr duplex stainless steel: influence of nano-sized chromium nitrides and exposure temperature. Electrochimica ActaAccess to the published version may require subscription. AbstractChromium nitrides may precipitate in duplex stainless steels during processing and their influence on the corrosion behavior is of great importance for the steel performance. In this study, the influence of nanosized quenched-in chromium nitrides on the corrosion behavior of a heat treated 2205 duplex stainless steel was investigated at room temperature and 50 °C (just above critical pitting temperature). The microstructure was characterized by SEM/EDS and AFM analyses, and quenched-in nitrides precipitated in the ferrite phase were identified by TEM analysis. Volta potential mapping at room temperature suggests lower relative nobility of the ferrite matrix. Electrochemical polarization and in-situ AFM measurements in 1 M NaCl solution at room temperature show a passive behavior of the steel despite the presence of the quenched-in nitrides in the ferrite phase, and preferential dissolution of ferrite phase occurred only at transpassive conditions. At 50 °C, selective dissolution of the austenite phase was observed, while the ferrite phase with the quenched-in nitrides remained to be stable. It can be concluded that the finely dispersed quenched-in nitrides do not cause localized corrosion, whereas the exposure temperature has a strong influence on the corrosion behavior of the duplex stainless steel.

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“…Liao studied the formation of Cr 2 N when duplex stainless steel was simulated thermally and reported that nitrides of high density precipitated in the interior of grains and away from the austenitic structures. Furthermore, the size of Cr 2 N precipitates tends to increase with the decrease in the cooling rate [22]. The observation of microstructural changes by heat treatment simulation with three kinds of welding consumables [23] and studies of the welding condition effects were conducted [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dynamic Reheating Controlled by the Weaving Width on the Microstructure of GTA Bead-On-Pipe Weld Metal of 25% Cr Super Duplex Stainless Steel

Sung

Kang

2018

Metals

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Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) with three different heat inputs controlled by the weaving width was performed to understand their effects on the microstructural changes during bead-on-pipe welding of super duplex stainless steel. The microstructure of the weld metals was categorized into three different types of zones: non-reheated, reheated type, and reheating-free zone. Even though single-pass welding with different weaving widths was employed, a reheated microstructure was detected, which has been previously observed with multiple pass welding. This phenomenon was called "dynamic reheating", because it was produced by the weaving operation during welding regardless of the weaving width. The categorized area fraction varied with the weaving width change. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) results at the edge (the area near the fusion line) of the low-heat-input condition indicated a higher austenite volume fraction and a lower Cr 2 N fraction than that of the medium heat input condition. Thus, it described an inverse relationship, because higher heat input provided a lower austenite fraction. In addition, it was observed clearly that the austenite fraction at the medium heat input condition was dramatically increased by reheating, while the Cr 2 N fraction was reduced. Regardless of the weaving width, reheating contributed to the increase of the austenite fraction, further reducing the Cr 2 N quantity. The edge areas in the map showed an inverse relationship in the reheated area fraction between low heat input and medium heat input. For this reason, the austenite fraction on the weld metal was determined not only by the heat input, but also by the amount of reheating.

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Nitride Precipitation in Weld HAZs of a Duplex Stainless Steel.

Cited by 76 publications

References 14 publications

Correlative EBSD and SKPFM characterisation of microstructure development to assist determination of corrosion propensity in grade 2205 duplex stainless steel

Correlative EBSD and SKPFM characterisation of microstructure development to assist determination of corrosion propensity in grade 2205 duplex stainless steel

Study of corrosion behavior of a 22% Cr duplex stainless steel: Influence of nano-sized chromium nitrides and exposure temperature

Effect of Dynamic Reheating Controlled by the Weaving Width on the Microstructure of GTA Bead-On-Pipe Weld Metal of 25% Cr Super Duplex Stainless Steel

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