Nitridated Fibrous Silica/Tetrabutylammonium Iodide (N‐DFNS/TBAI): Robust and Efficient Catalytic System for Chemical Fixation of Carbon Dioxide to Cyclic Carbonates

Abstract

The development of an active and competent catalyst for the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to value added‐chemicals at low pressure and temperature have great importance in the field of industrial chemical production as well as in tackling global warming. In this report, nitridated dendritic fibrous nano‐silica (N‐DFNS) as highly porous and stable nano‐material have been synthesized by using ammonolysis reaction at various temperature ranging from 500–800 °C and used as heterogeneous catalysts in combination with TBAI for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO2 and epoxide. The presence of high surface area balanced acid‐base bi‐functionalities generated on silica due to ammonolysis offered high activity towards the synthesis of cyclic carbonates at the atmospheric pressure with excellent recyclability.

Recent developments in state-of-the-art silica-modified catalysts for the fixation of CO2 in epoxides to form organic carbonates

“…This catalyst was proven to exhibit recyclability for up to five consecutive runs with minimum loss in catalytic activity. 126 Thus, based on the above discussion, it can be said that KCC-1-based nanocatalysts can provide excellent yield towards cyclic carbonates for the cycloaddition of CO 2 with epoxide under mild reaction conditions in the absence of a co-catalyst under harsh reaction conditions. The surface area of DFNS is significantly better than that of the conventional silica, which allows more active sites and better diffusion of the reactants than MCM-41 and SBA-15.…”

Agile Construction of Porous Organic Frameworks Pending Carboxylic Acids and Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids for the Efficient Fixation of CO2 to Cyclic Carbonates

“…Meanwhile, CO 2 is also a potential low-cost, abundant, nontoxic, and green carbon resource to produce various high value-added chemicals, such as formamides, carboxylic acids, urea derivates, alkylamines, and alcohols (Scheme ). Among them, the coupling reaction of epoxides and CO 2 to synthesize cyclic carbonates has attracted much attention, , as the cyclic carbonates can be used as polar solvents and electrolytes of lithium batteries, polycarbonate polyurethane precursors, pharmaceutical production, fine chemicals, and agricultural chemical intermediates. , …”

“…Meanwhile, CO 2 is also a potential low-cost, abundant, nontoxic, and green carbon resource to produce various high value-added chemicals, such as formamides, 8 carboxylic acids, 9 urea derivates, 10 alkylamines, 11 and alcohols 12 (Scheme 2). Among them, the coupling reaction of epoxides and CO 2 to synthesize cyclic carbonates has attracted much attention, 13,14 as the cyclic carbonates can be used as polar solvents and electrolytes of lithium batteries, polycarbonate polyurethane precursors, pharmaceutical production, fine chemicals, and agricultural chemical intermediates. 15,16 During the past decade, a large number of catalytic systems were developed for the coupling reaction of epoxides with CO 2 , such as metal complexes, 17 frustrated Lewis pairs, 18 super bases, 19 ILs, 20 metal organic frameworks (MOFs), 21 and porous organic frameworks (POFs).…”

Synthesis of isocyanate-free polyurethane concocting multiple cyclic carbonates catalysed by a new microporous zinc phosphonate via CO2 fixation

“…Cycloaddition of CO 2 on epoxides has been intensively studied over a wide range of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. [16][17][18] As the product, cyclic carbonates have wide scale applications for the synthesis of fine chemicals, and bulk use as aprotic solvents and electrolytes for Li-ion batteries. Under high temperature and pressure conditions, in the presence of a catalyst containing suitable acidic and basic sites, CO 2 can be activated to react with other reactive organics.…”