Nitric Oxidergic Neurogenic Vasodilation in the Porcine Basilar Artery

Lee, Tony J.‐F.; Sarwinski, S.

doi:10.1159/000158887

Cited by 40 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Similar results with electrical or chemical stimulation have also been obtained in canine, bovine, porcine and human arteries irrigating the cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem. [14][15][16][17][18] In addition, we previously reported that release of NO from isolated, superfused canine arteries, irrigating the cerebrum with superfusate in response to transmural electrical nerve stimulation or in response to chemical nerve stimulation with nicotine, 11 was abolished by treatment with NOS inhibitors and tetrodotoxin (for electrical stimulation) or hexamethonium (for nicotine). The same was true of the nicotine-induced increase in tissue cyclic guanosine monophosphate content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrergic nerves derived from the pterygopalatine ganglion innervate arteries irrigating the cerebrum but not the cerebellum and brain stem in monkeys

et al. 2011

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The functional roles of the nitrergic nerves innervating the monkey cerebral artery were evaluated in a tension-response study examining isolated arteries in vitro and cerebral angiography in vivo. Nicotine produced relaxation of arteries by stimulation of nerve terminals innervating isolated monkey arteries irrigating the cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem. Relaxation of arteries induced by nicotine was abolished by treatment with N G -nitro-L-arginine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, and was restored by addition of L-arginine. Cerebral angiography showed that electrical stimulation of the unilateral greater petrosal nerve, which connects to the pterygopalatine ganglion via the parasympathetic ganglion synapse, produced vasodilatation of the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries in the stimulated side. However, stimulation failed to produce vasodilatation of the superior and anterior-inferior cerebellar arteries and the basilar artery in anesthetized monkeys. Therefore, nitrergic nerves derived from the pterygopalatine ganglion appear to regulate cerebral vasomotor function. In contrast, circulation in the cerebellum and brain stem might be regulated by nitrergic nerves originating not from the pterygopalatine ganglion, but rather from an unknown ganglion (or ganglia).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrergic nerves derived from the pterygopalatine ganglion innervate arteries irrigating the cerebrum but not the cerebellum and brain stem in monkeys

et al. 2011

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“…It is possible that the decrease in active muscle tone in basilar arteries with endothelium may be due to a tonic release of NO from endothelial cells (Shirasaki et aI., 1988;Lee and Sarwinski, 1991). However, in arteries without endothelial cells, the decrease in tone was similar to that seen in arteries with endo thelial cells and was not reversed by L-NNA, a NO synthase inhibitor (Rees et aI., 1990a), suggesting that the gradual decrease in active muscle tone was not likely due to generation of NO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endotoxin Decreases the Contractile Responses of the Porcine Basilar Artery to Vasoactive Substances

Ueno

Lee

1993

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Summary: The effects of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) on the reactivity of isolated porcine basilar artery were examined using in vitro tissue bath techniques. The active muscle tone of the basilar arterial rings with or without endothelial cells induced by U46619 (1 fl-M) reached a plateau in 15 min, which was stable for the first hour and gradually decreased during the next 5 h. This time-dependent decrease in tone was significantly poten tiated in the presence of LPS (20 fl-g/ml). Gram-negative bacteria are pathogens commonly involved in infections of the CNS (Tunkel and Scheld, 1991) and in endotoxic shock, which is characterized by hypotension, vascular injury, and resistance to vasoconstrictors in various species (Miller et aI., 1987; Van Deventer et aI., 1988; Suf fredini et aI., 1989; Auguet et ai., 1991; Dal N ogare, 1991). A marked decrease in CBF resulting from hypotension following exposure to endotoxin has been reported (Miller et aI., 1987; N ishijima et ai., 1988). The exact mechanisms responsible for endo toxin-induced hypotension and the decrease in CBF remain unclear.Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS), which is the toxic moiety of the gram-negative bacterial outer membrane, has been shown to induce vascu- 712U46619 and KCI were decreased following incubation with LPS (20 fl-g/ml) for 4 h. Similar hyporeactivity was observed in cold storage-denervated cerebral arteries in cubated with LPS for 4 h. This decrease in contractile responses in LPS-treated rings was reversed by 60 fl-M L-NNA and 1 fl-M dexamethasone. These results indicate that LPS treatment renders the porcine basilar arteries hyporesponsive to vasoconstrictors. Since effects of LPS were not modified by the presence of endothelial cells and perivascular neurons, the alteration in cerebral arterial reactivity may be due in part to an enhanced formation of nitric oxide from L-arginine in the vascular smooth mus cle cells.

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“…Some of these studies, in combination with denervation and/or retrograde tracing techniques, have also provided conclusive evidence that cerebral perivascular NOS and NADPHd nerves, as well as nerves positive for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), are parasympathetic in nature and have their major origin at the sphenopalatine ganglion. Pharmacological experiments have shown that NO released from cerebral perivascular nerves plays a crucial role as a neurotransmitter for non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic vasodilatation in the cerebral vessels [6,9,11,19].As to the ontogenetic study on cerebrovascular innervation, relatively much work has accumulated to determine the age-related change of aminergic, AChE and peptidergic nerves [3,7,5,13,20]. These different types of cerebrovascular nerves display their own distinct patterns of development, with a peak density at one month of age.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Development of Nitric Oxide Synthase-Immunoreactive Nerves in the Cerebral Arteries of the Rat

Andō

Mishima

Sakai

2004

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Development of cerebrovascular nitrergic nerves was investigated in the rat, using immunohistochemistry for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and quantitative analysis. Cerebral perivascular NOS nerves usually appeared on the walls of both the intracranial part of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the internal ethmoidal arteries ( IEA) at birth. NOS nerves via the IEA grew more rapidly than those via the ICA. They extended over all the major arteries located more rostral than the middle part of the basilar arteries during the third postnatal week, while those from the ICA remained limited to the caudal segment of the anterior circulation and to the ros tral segment of the posterior circulation throughout development. The appearance of NOS nerves on the vertebrate artery (VA) was not demonstrated before the third postnatal week, being apparently far late in development as compared to that of the same nerve type on the ICA and IEA. KEY WORDS: cerebrovascular innervation, development, nitrergic nerve, rat.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 66(8): 933-940, 2004 The cerebral arterial tree is formed by the connection of the anterior and posterior circulations that develop independently from the internal carotid and vertebral arteries (ICA, VA). It has also been established that the two cerebral arterial systems in mammals are multiply and differentially supplied by noradrenergic and cholinergic nerves [21], and by various types of peptidergic nerves [23].Nitric oxide (NO), highly diffusible gaseous molecule, has been identified as an intercellular chemical messenger, first in the vascular endothelium and later in the central and peripheral nervous systems [14,16]. Neuronal NO is synthesized from L-arginine by the constitutive enzyme NO synthase (NOS), of which the biochemical property is different from another constitutive NOS produced by vascular endothelial cells. NOS also exhibits diaphorase activity in addition to the synthesis of NO. Thus, neurons synthesizing NO, nitrergic neurons, can be visualized by immunohistochemical staining with an antibody against neuronal NOS, or by histochemistry for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPHd). Actually, by mean of these two staining methods, the rich supply of nerves immunoreactive for NOS and positive NADPHd has been demonstrated for the cerebral arterial systems in a variety of mammals including man [1,4,8,10,12,15,22]. Some of these studies, in combination with denervation and/or retrograde tracing techniques, have also provided conclusive evidence that cerebral perivascular NOS and NADPHd nerves, as well as nerves positive for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), are parasympathetic in nature and have their major origin at the sphenopalatine ganglion. Pharmacological experiments have shown that NO released from cerebral perivascular nerves plays a crucial role as a neurotransmitter for non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic vasodilatation in the cerebral vessels [6,9,11,19].As to the ontogenetic stud...

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Nitric Oxidergic Neurogenic Vasodilation in the Porcine Basilar Artery

Cited by 40 publications

References 17 publications

Nitrergic nerves derived from the pterygopalatine ganglion innervate arteries irrigating the cerebrum but not the cerebellum and brain stem in monkeys

Nitrergic nerves derived from the pterygopalatine ganglion innervate arteries irrigating the cerebrum but not the cerebellum and brain stem in monkeys

Endotoxin Decreases the Contractile Responses of the Porcine Basilar Artery to Vasoactive Substances

Development of Nitric Oxide Synthase-Immunoreactive Nerves in the Cerebral Arteries of the Rat

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