Nitric oxide,<scp>IL</scp>‐6 and<scp>IL</scp>‐13 are increased in the exhaled breath condensates of children with allergic rhinitis

Zagórska, Wioletta; Grzela, Katarzyna; Kulus, Marek; Sobczyński, Maciej; Grzela, Tomasz

doi:10.1111/apa.12547

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…IL‐4/IL‐13 signaling plays a critical role in orchestrating the recruitment and activation of effector cells of the asthmatic response and driving the pathophysiology of AA . The data we have obtained in our study overlap existing results, showing that serum levels of these cytokines increase after allergen challenge, and demonstrating aggravation of allergic inflammation. This, therefore, strengthens the potential link between epithelial‐derived cytokine levels and the intensity of airway inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Serum levels of epithelial‐derived mediators and interleukin‐4/interleukin‐13 signaling after bronchial challenge with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in patients with allergic asthma

Kalinauskaitė-Žukauskė

Janulaitytė

Januškevičius

et al. 2019

Scand J Immunol

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Allergens are the main trigger that enhances airway type 2 inflammation, and the epithelium is the first line of defense that reacts to its exposure. Therefore, epithelial‐derived mediators, such as interleukin (IL)‐25, IL‐33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and ezrin, may play a role as alarmins in IL‐4/IL‐13 signaling in allergic asthma (AA). We investigated the serum levels of IL‐25, IL‐33, TSLP, ezrin, IL‐4 and IL‐13, after bronchial challenge with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in patients with AA. We examined 18 subjects: nine steroid‐free stable patients with AA sensitized to D. pteronyssinus and nine non‐atopic healthy subjects (HS). Bronchial allergen challenge was performed using inhaled D. pteronyssinus allergen. IL‐4, IL‐13, IL‐25, IL‐33, TSLP and ezrin levels in serum were measured by ELISA at two time points ‐ before and 24 hours after bronchial allergen challenge. The serum levels of IL‐25, TSLP and ezrin did not differ between AA and HS groups at baseline. However, after allergen exposure, significant increases in serum levels of IL‐25, TSLP and ezrin were observed only in patients with AA. The serum level of IL‐33 at baseline was significantly higher in the AA group compared with HS, but the allergen challenge did not provoke an increase of this cytokine in any group. IL‐4 and IL‐13 levels were significantly higher at baseline in the AA group compared with HS and, after allergen exposure, were significantly increased in the AA group, with no effect on HS. Thus, the epithelial‐derived mediators IL‐25, TSLP and ezrin, via IL4/IL13 signaling, enhance type 2 inflammation after bronchial challenge with D. pteronyssinus in AA.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Serum levels of epithelial‐derived mediators and interleukin‐4/interleukin‐13 signaling after bronchial challenge with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in patients with allergic asthma

Kalinauskaitė-Žukauskė

Janulaitytė

Januškevičius

et al. 2019

Scand J Immunol

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“…In addition to routine clinical evaluation and eNO measurement, the exhaled breath condensates were collected using ECoScreen condenser (Jäger, Hoechberg, Germany) [ 26 , 27 ]. The EBC samples (approx.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhaled corticosteroids do not reduce initial high activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in exhaled breath condensates of children with asthma exacerbation: a proof of concept study

Grzela

Zagórska

Krejner

et al. 2016

cejoi

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Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the key component of asthma treatment. However, it is unclear whether they could control the activity and level of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, which is an important factor in asthma-associated inflammation and airway remodeling. Therefore, the aim of this proof of concept study was to analyze the influence of increased doses of ICS on MMP-9 in exhaled breath condensates (EBC) of patients with allergic asthma exacerbation. Apart from MMP-9, the assessment concerned selected inflammation markers – exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) and cytokines (IL-8 and TNF).The study involved a small group (n = 4) of individuals with asthma exacerbation. The intervention concerned increased doses of ICS with β-mimetics for 4 weeks. In addition to clinical evaluation, eNO measurements and EBC collections were done before and after 4 weeks of intense ICS treatment. The biochemical assessment of EBC concerned MMP-9, IL-8 and TNF. The data were compared to results of healthy controls (n = 6).The initial levels of eNO, MMP-9 and TNF in EBC were higher in the asthma group than in controls. In all subjects IL-8 levels were below the detection limit. After 4 weeks of ICS treatment in all patients we observed improvement of clinical and laboratory parameters. Interestingly, despite reduction of eNO and TNF, the activity of MMP-9/EBC remained on the initial level.Practical relevance of our results is limited by a small group. Nevertheless, our data suggest that ICS, although sufficient to control symptoms and inflammatory markers, may be ineffective to reduce MMP-9/EBC activity in asthma exacerbation and, possibly, airway remodeling.

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“…The EBC collection was performed using ECoScreen condenser (Jäger, Höchberg, Germany), according to protocol described previously (Zagorska et al 2013 , 2014 ). In brief, after 15–20 min of adaptation to ambient condition, the 15-min-long EBC collection was performed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The possible contamination of collected breath condensates with the saliva was verified by the assessment of the amylase concentration in ten randomly selected EBC samples from each group (Gaber et al 2006 ; Zagorska et al 2014 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged Treatment with Inhaled Corticosteroids does not Normalize High Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Exhaled Breath Condensates of Children with Asthma

Grzela

Zagórska

Krejner

et al. 2015

Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp.

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The airway remodeling in asthma is associated with increased amount of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. High levels of MMP-9 were found in mucosal biopsies, sputum and in exhaled breath condensates (EBC) of asthma patients. However, there are no data concerning real in vivo activity. Inhaled corticosteroids are effective in asthma control, but it is unclear, whether they only attenuate inflammation, or also protect against progressive remodeling of respiratory tract. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the amount and activity of MMP-9 in context of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor, TNF), measured in EBC of asthma-suffering children, treated with inhaled steroids. The study involved 27 children with asthma, continuously treated with inhaled fluticasone propionate, and 22 healthy controls. In addition to routine clinical screening, the selected cytokines in EBC were analyzed using Ultrasensitive ELISA, whereas activity of MMP-9 was assessed using a novel immunozymography method. Despite chronic treatment with inhaled steroids mean MMP-9/EBC activity in asthma group was significantly higher than in healthy controls. Moreover, high MMP-9/EBC in asthma-suffering children significantly correlated with IgE serum levels. The IL-6 and IL-8 concentration was below the detection limit in all EBC samples. TNF/EBC levels were similar in both, asthma and healthy children. We hypothesize that MMP-9 hyperactivity in asthma may be closely related to high IgE serum levels. Our results suggest that inhaled steroids may be ineffective to prevent asthma-associated airway remodeling. Finally, we emphasize the necessity of further research focused on MMP-9 inhibition in asthma treatment.

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Nitric oxide,IL‐6 andIL‐13 are increased in the exhaled breath condensates of children with allergic rhinitis

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Serum levels of epithelial‐derived mediators and interleukin‐4/interleukin‐13 signaling after bronchial challenge with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in patients with allergic asthma

Serum levels of epithelial‐derived mediators and interleukin‐4/interleukin‐13 signaling after bronchial challenge with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in patients with allergic asthma

Inhaled corticosteroids do not reduce initial high activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in exhaled breath condensates of children with asthma exacerbation: a proof of concept study

Prolonged Treatment with Inhaled Corticosteroids does not Normalize High Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Exhaled Breath Condensates of Children with Asthma

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