Nitric oxide-releasing molecules at the interface of inorganic chemistry and biology: a concise overview

Abstract

The useful aspects of nitric oxide (NO) are nowadays widely known. Due to the need for this molecule in the maintenance of homeostasis, NO-releasing compounds are tested every year to optimize its levels in a patient suffering from low NO production. This manuscript is an update of some important historical concerns about nitrosyl complexes having the ability to act as NO-releasing compounds under the influence of different chemically modified environments. At present, the search for efficient and less harmful NO-releasing molecules at desirable targets and concentrations has gained considerable momentum in nitrosyl chemistry. Iron, ruthenium, and manganese nitrosyls have been investigated elitely to disentangle their electronic transition (excitation) under visible light to act as NO donors without harming the healthy cells of a target. There is much evidence supporting the increase of NO lability if amino acids are used as complexing ligands, the design of a reduction center close to an NO grouping, and the development of porphyrin system-based nitrosyl complexes. From the overall survey, it may be concluded that the desirable properties of such scaffolds need to be evaluated further to complement the biological milieu.

Visible-to-NIR-Light Activated Release: From Small Molecules to Nanomaterials

“…Enzymatically triggered reactions that offer more controlled release profiles have also been demonstrated . An alternative activation strategy that enables precise spatial and temporal control over gasotransmitter release is to use photochemically activatable gasotransmitter-releasing molecules such as photoactivatable CO-releasing moieties (photoCORMs) or photoactivatable nitric oxide-releasing moieties (photoNORMs). − In therapeutic applications, organic (transition-metal-free) photoCORMs can have important advantages over metal carbonyl complexes such as more favorable biodistribution and lower toxicity. − Because of their distinct physicochemical properties (which typically include small size or neutral charge), the photorelease of gasotransmitters requires unique and highly specific strategies that may differ appreciably from those used for photorelease of larger ligands. Therefore, we present this research area in its own section.…”

“…The development of NO-releasing molecules (NORMs) is therefore of interest for both therapeutic applications and mechanistic chemico-biological studies. Advances in the photochemical release of NO from photoNORMs have been reviewed previously. − …”

“…Several reviews and perspectives covering the applications of organic − and (transition) metal-containing − PPGs have been published in the past two decades. Special attention has been paid to compounds that release gasotransmitters such as nitric oxide (NO; photoactivatable NO-releasing moieties or photoNORMs), carbon monoxide (photoactivatable CO-releasing moieties or photoCORMs), and hydrogen sulfide (photoactivatable H 2 S-releasing molecules). − …”

Development of Nonheme {FeNO}7 Complexes Based on the Pyrococcus furiosus Rubredoxin for Red-Light-Controllable Nitric Oxide Release

“…Nitric oxide (NO) is an important biological messenger, playing versatile roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes such as vasodilation, neurotransmission, and immune response. − The short half-life of NO ( t 1/2 = 0.1–5 s), however, limits its biological research and therapeutic application . To date, a variety of NO donors have been developed, , among which light-controllable NO donors have generated much interest because of their potential to release NO with temporal and spatial precision. − The development of photoactive NO releasers based on transition-metal nitrosyl complexes, , especially iron nitrosyl complexes, − has attracted much attention, and significant efforts have been made toward improved photoactivity, increased stability, and reduced metal toxicity by ligand design or the use of carriers such as proteins and nanoparticles. − …”

A Nonclinical Spectroscopic Approach for Diagnosing Covid-19: A Concise Perspective

“…Spectroscopy is prominently involved in the structural analysis of unknown or known compounds [22][23][24]. With our constant contribution to bioconjugated molecular research [25][26][27][28][29] and the recent COVID-19 related reports from our laboratory [30][31][32], herein a literature review of the nonclinical spectroscopic methods of COVID-19 testing is presented. The benefi cial aspects of this approach over the PCR method are discussed in this work.…”