“…In response to these stimuli, MSCs migrate to the site of injury, and become immune modulatory by affecting inflammation and tissue repair in a positive manner. The paracrine mechanisms underlying the impact of MSCs on the local immune adaptation include a broad panel of molecular pathways, such as IFN-g, IL-1b, transforming growth factorb, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), IL-6, IL-10, prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), hepatocyte growth factor, TNF-a, nitric oxide (NO), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), HLA-G5 [21,22,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43], and others, some of which are still unknown.…”