Nitric oxide modulates a swimmeret beating rhythm in the crayfish

Mita, Atsuki; Yoshida, Misaki; Nagayama, Toshiki

doi:10.1242/jeb.110551

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Nitric oxide (NO) is known to modulate swimmeret beating in crayfish, and L-arginine and L-NAME have opposite effects on NO levels and have opposing effects on the cycle period of the swimmeret rhythm ( Mita et al, 2014 ). L-NAME applied to a single ganglion increased the cycle period of the swimmeret rhythm (middle trace in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following pharmacological agents were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich: carbachol used as a cholinergic agonist, L-arginine as a substrate for endogenous NO synthesis and L-NAME as a NOS inhibitor. The concentrations of drugs used in this study were based on those used by Mita et al (2014) . The drugs were dissolved in physiological saline to 8 μM concentration of carbachol, 5 mM concentration of L-arginine and 5 mM concentration of L-NAME and were freshly prepared prior to application and used within 5 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NO further modulates swimming speed in the larval zebrafish ( Severi et al, 2014 ) and walking speed in rats ( Wang et al, 2001 ). In the swimmeret system of the crayfish, the co-application of L-arginine, the substrate for NO synthesis with a cholinergic agonist, carbamoylcholine chloride (carbachol), increases the cycle frequency of the power-stroke motor neurons, while the co-application of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, N G -nitro-Larginine methyl ester (L-NAME) with carbachol decreases it ( Mita et al, 2014 ). Here, we have analysed intersegmental modulation and changes in burst frequency in individual ganglia, and between ganglia, using a novel pharmacological approach using sequential local application of L-arginine and L-NAME to separate ganglia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitric oxide-mediated intersegmental modulation of cycle frequency in the crayfish swimmeret system

2018

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Crayfish swimmerets are paired appendages located on the ventral side of each abdominal segment that show rhythmic beating during forward swimming produced by central pattern generators in most abdominal segments. For animals with multiple body segments and limbs, intersegmental coordination of central pattern generators in each segment is crucial for the production of effective movements. Here we develop a novel pharmacological approach to analyse intersegmental modulation of swimmeret rhythm by selectively elevating nitric oxide levels and reducing them with pharmacological agents, in specific ganglia. Bath application of L-arginine, the substrate NO synthesis, increased the cyclical spike responses of the power-stroke motor neurons. By contrast the NOS inhibitor, L-NAME decreased them. To determine the role of the different local centres in producing and controlling the swimmeret rhythm, these two drugs were applied locally to two separate ganglia following bath application of carbachol. Results revealed that there was both ascending and descending intersegmental modulation of cycle frequency of the swimmeret rhythm in the abdominal ganglia and that synchrony of cyclical activity between segments of segments was maintained. We also found that there were gradients in the strength effectiveness in modulation, that ascending modulation of the swimmeret rhythm was stronger than descending modulation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitric oxide-mediated intersegmental modulation of cycle frequency in the crayfish swimmeret system

2018

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“…There was also a bifurcation of regulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NO) across nerve and muscle tissues, suggesting the proteins or protein isoforms involved in NO signaling differ across tissues. NO is of particular interest as it has recently been shown to gate the polarity of endocannabinoid-modulation to shift the excitation-inhibition balance of a synapse and thus mediate long-term potentiation of rhythmic locomotor circuits [ 62 – 65 ]. All six transcripts for the carboxyl-terminal PDZ ligand of neuronal nitric oxide synthase protein (70729) were downregulated in nerve tissue compared to muscle, and three of the six were DE ( p < 0.05).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

De novo transcriptome assembly for the lobster Homarus americanus and characterization of differential gene expression across nervous system tissues

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe American lobster, Homarus americanus, is an important species as an economically valuable fishery, a key member in marine ecosystems, and a well-studied model for central pattern generation, the neural networks that control rhythmic motor patterns. Despite multi-faceted scientific interest in this species, currently our genetic resources for the lobster are limited. In this study, we de novo assemble a transcriptome for Homarus americanus using central nervous system (CNS), muscle, and hybrid neurosecretory tissues and compare gene expression across these tissue types. In particular, we focus our analysis on genes relevant to central pattern generation and the identity of the neurons in a neural network, which is defined by combinations of genes distinguishing the neuronal behavior and phenotype, including ion channels, neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, receptors, transcription factors, and other gene products.ResultsUsing samples from the central nervous system (brain, abdominal ganglia), abdominal muscle, and heart (cardiac ganglia, pericardial organs, muscle), we used RNA-Seq to characterize gene expression patterns across tissues types. We also compared control tissues with those challenged with the neuropeptide proctolin in vivo. Our transcriptome generated 34,813 transcripts with known protein annotations. Of these, 5,000-10,000 of annotated transcripts were significantly differentially expressed (DE) across tissue types. We found 421 transcripts for ion channels and identified receptors and/or proteins for over 20 different neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Results indicated tissue-specific expression of select neuromodulator (allostatin, myomodulin, octopamine, nitric oxide) and neurotransmitter (glutamate, acetylcholine) pathways. We also identify differential expression of ion channel families, including kainite family glutamate receptors, inward-rectifying K+ (IRK) channels, and transient receptor potential (TRP) A family channels, across central pattern generating tissues.ConclusionsOur transcriptome-wide profiles of the rhythmic pattern generating abdominal and cardiac nervous systems in Homarus americanus reveal candidates for neuronal features that drive the production of motor output in these systems.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2373-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…() for epinastine, and Mita et al . () for pCPT‐cAMP and SQ22536. The concentration of Way100635 was determined by our preliminary observation that 50 μ m was the maximum concentration which produced no postural and behavioural changes of animals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of cAMP signalling in winner and loser effects in crayfish agonistic encounters

Momohara

Minami

Kanai

et al. 2016

Eur J of Neuroscience

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For territorial animals, establishment of status-dependent dominance order is essential to maintain social stability. In agonistic encounters of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii, a difference of body length of 3-7% is enough for larger animals to become dominant. Despite a physical disadvantage, small winners of the first pairings were more likely to win subsequent conflicts with larger inexperienced animals. In contrast, the losers of the first pairings rarely won subsequent conflicts with smaller naive animals. Such experiences of previous winning or losing affected agonistic outcomes for a long period. The winner effects lasted more than 2 weeks and the loser effect lasted about 10 days. Injection of 5HT1 receptor antagonist into the dominant animals 15-30 min after establishment of dominance order blocked the formation of the winner effects. In contrast, injection of adrenergic-like octopamine receptor antagonist into subordinate animals blocked the formation of the loser. 5HT1 receptors are negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase and adrenergic-like octopamine receptors are positively coupled. Consistent with this, dominant animals failed to show the winner effect when injected with pCPT-cAMP, a cAMP analogue, and subordinate animals failed to show a loser effect when injected with adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ 22536. These results suggest that an increase and decrease of cAMP concentration is essential in mediating loser and winner effects, respectively. Furthermore, formation of the loser effect was blocked by injection of protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89, suggesting long-term memory of the loser effect is dependent on the cAMP-PKA signalling pathway.

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Nitric oxide modulates a swimmeret beating rhythm in the crayfish

Cited by 9 publications

References 52 publications

Nitric oxide-mediated intersegmental modulation of cycle frequency in the crayfish swimmeret system

Nitric oxide-mediated intersegmental modulation of cycle frequency in the crayfish swimmeret system

De novo transcriptome assembly for the lobster Homarus americanus and characterization of differential gene expression across nervous system tissues

Role of cAMP signalling in winner and loser effects in crayfish agonistic encounters

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