Nitric oxide levels of turbulent jet diffusion flames: Effects of residence time and damkohler number

Driscoll, James F.; Chen, Ruey Hung; Yoon, Youngbin

doi:10.1016/0010-2180(92)90005-a

Cited by 157 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The NO2 to NO, ratios reaching nearly 100% were registered in C3H8 flames under gas turbines conditions [14,15,161. The current empirical explanation of the phenomenon is that rapid mixing in turbulent flames promotes conversion of NO to NO2 by generated during the mixing process HO2 radicals [ 17, 181.…”

Section: Publicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Energy Conservation, Forced Internal Recirculation Burner

Rabovitser¹

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Southern California Brewery (identity confidential)Joseph Rabovitser, (847) 768-0548. josep h.ra bovitser@gastechnology.org Project Objective: The overall objective of this research project is to develop and evaluate an industrial low NO, burner for existing and new gas-fired combustion systems for intermediate temperature (1400" to 2000°F) industrial heating devices such as watertube boilers and process fluid heaters.A multi-phase effort is being pursued with decision points to determine advisability of continuance. The current contract covers Phases II and Ill of this work. The objectives of each phase are as follows.Phase I 1 -to design, fabricate, and evaluate prototype burners based on the Forced Internal Recirculation (FIR) concept.Phase I l l -to evaluate the performance of an FIR burner under actual operating conditions in a full-scale field test and establish the performance necessary for subsequent commercialization. Neither the U S . Department of Energy, GRI, GTI, nor any of their employees, contractors, subcontractors, or their employees makes any warranties, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, project, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.Reference to trade names or specific commercial products, commodities, or services in this report does not represent or constitute an endorsement, recommendation, or opinion of suitability by the U.S. Department of Energy, GRI, or GTI of the specific commercial product, commoditv. or service. DE-FC07-951D13333 Executive SummaryThis project is intended to develop and field test an advanced industrial ultra-low-NO,, burner for existing and new gas-fired combustion systems applied to intermediate-temperature (1400" to 2000°F) industrial heating devices such as watertube boilers and process fluid heaters. It is an extension of a Phase I effort to develop the Forced Internal Recirculation (FIR) burner. Phase II includes the design, fabrication, and evaluation of prototype burners, and Phase Ill consists of full-scale field-testing of an FIR burner on an industrial watertube boiler.The FIR burner is unique in its ability to deliver ultra-low-NO, performance on watertube boilers without the use of external flue gas recirculation (FGR) or other energy-robbing approaches such as very high excess air or steam injection. The FIR burner allows industrial plants to meet the most stringent regional air emissions regulations at higher energy efficiency than possible with competing technology.Three FIR burners were tested under this project: a 6-million-Btu/h laboratory burner, a 20-million-Btulh prototype at a Detroit Stoker Company manufacturing facility, and a 60-millionBtu/h commercial prototype at a brewery in southern California. NO, emissions' in the range of 6 to 9 vppm were achieved in all cases with low CO emissions, 4:l turndown, and excellent flame stability. An improvement in boiler efficiency of ap...

show abstract

Section: Publicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Energy Conservation, Forced Internal Recirculation Burner

Rabovitser¹

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The EINOx scaling takes flame volume and fuel flow rate in to consideration, and this means that the EINOx is proportional to the residence time of the fuel, which is passing through the flame. Driscoll et al (4) and Kim et al (5) incorporated the flame stretch effect on NOx emission in confined flames with a co-flow air stream in to a scaling law. These investigations have not only generated scaling law but have also provided insights and understanding with respect to the flame structure of non-premixed combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NOx Reduction of Non-Premixed Flames by Combination of Burner and Furnaces

Somarathne

Parwatha

Oguri

et al. 2013

JEE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study proposes an idea of NOx reduction and high efficiency combustion by combination of burner and furnace. This is basically attributed to the use of entrainment of burnt gases to flame in furnace. The entrainment of burnt gases leads the dilution of flame and the recovery of heat to be exhausted. The phenomena are strongly related to the geometry of burner and furnace. The temperature, concentration, and flow field characteristics were investigated for piloted propane non-premixed flames in the cylindrical furnaces in terms of NOx emission. The effects of the furnace inner diameter, D 1 , air inlet velocity difference, ∆U a , and global equivalence ratio,φ, on NOx emission were investigated.Moreover, two kinds of materials: Pyrex glass and stainless steel were used as the furnace wall to evaluate the radiation effect through the comparison of the flame characteristics. The emission index of NOx, EINOx, decreases roughly with the increase of above parameters. This decrease is observed to be a consequence of dilution by the burnt gases and flame stretch. The dilution is attributed to the recirculation structure, which is formed at the bottom of the furnace. The flame stretch is related to the velocity difference, which is introduced by multiple air inlets. The EINOx of confined non-premixed flame is scaled by the parameter D 1 U F ∆U a , which is proportional to Re,cDa -1 . Here, U F is the fuel velocity, Re,c is the furnace Reynolds number reflecting the turbulence in the furnace, and Da is the Damköhler number reflecting the flame stretch. The parameter D 1 U F ∆U a is related linearly to the volume flow rate entrained in to the flame. Thus, this study verified that the EINOx of confined non-premixed flame is dominated primarily from the entrainment of burnt gases by the recirculation vortex and secondarily by the turbulence at the flame boundary, which is generated by the air velocity difference. In addition, it is found that under present experimental conditions, the radiation effect on the EINOx is small and constant with respect to the parameters. Thus, this idea has a potential for practical applications.

show abstract

“…Previous experimental studies of NO, and CO formation have been based almost entirely on gas-sampling probe techniques (e.g., Drake . I et al, 1987;Driscoll et al, 1992;Vranos et al, 1992). However, the instantaneous relationships between the pollutants and the other scalars which are crucial for evaluating the turbulence-chemistry interactions are lost, since the gas sampling probes provide only averaged measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%