Nitric oxide inhibitory constituents from the barks of Cinnamomum cassia

Cinnamomum cassia Presl: A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology

“…Furthermore, 19 glycosides had been isolated from the barks of C. cassia , including cinnacasside B ( 86 ), cinnacasside F ( 87 ), cinnacasside G ( 88 ) [45], cinnacassoside D ( 89 ) [46], cinnacassoside A ( 90 ), cinnacassoside B ( 91 ), cinnacassoside C ( 92 ), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol-β- d –apiofuranosyl (1→6)-β- d -glucopyranoside ( 93 ), 3-trimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenol-β-D–apiofuranosyl(1→6)-β- d -glucopyranoside ( 94 ), 3,4-dimethoxy-phenol-β- d –apiofuranosyl (1→6)-β- d -glucopyranoside ( 95 ), (−)-lyoniresinol 3α- O -β- d -gluco- pyranoside ( 96 ) [47], methyl 2-phenylpropanoate-2- O -β- d -apiofuranosyl-(1→6)- O -β- d –gluco-pyranoside ( 97 ), cinnacasolide E ( 98 ), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol-β- d -apiofuranosyl-(1→6)- O -β- d -glucopyranoside ( 99 ), samwiside ( 100 ), phenol-β- d -apiofuranosyl-(1→6)- O -β- d -glucopyranoside ( 101 ), (6 R ,7 R ,8 R )-7a-[(β- d -glucopyranosyl)oxy]lyoniresinol ( 102 ), (6 S ,7 R ,8 R )-7a-[(β- d -gluco-pyranosyl)oxy]lyoniresinol ( 103 ), (6 R ,7 S ,8 S) -7a-[(β- d -glucopyranosyl)- oxy]lyoniresinol ( 104 ) [48]. The corresponding structures of these glycosides isolated from C. cassia are shown in Figure 6.…”

“…In 2016, cinncassin E ( 105 ) was found from the bark of C. cassia and its nitric oxide inhibitory activity has been demonstrated. Meanwhile, the lignanoids isolated from the twigs of C. cassia include cinncassin D ( 106 ), picrasmalignan A ( 107 ), (+)-leptolepisol C ( 108 ), (−)-(7 R ,8 S ,7′ R ,8′ S )-syringaresinol ( 109 ), (+)-isolariciresinol ( 110 ), (−)-secroisolariciresinol ( 111 ), (+)- erythro -(7 R ,8 S )-guaiacylglycerol-8-vanillin ether ( 112 ), (+)- threo -(7 S ,8 S )-guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl aldehyde ether ( 113 ), (+)- erythro -(7 S ,8 R )-guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl aldehyde ether ( 114 ), (−)- erythro -(7 R ,8 S )-guaiacylglycerol-β -O -4′-sinapoyl ether ( 115 ), (−)- erythro -(7 S ,8 R )-syringylglycerol-8- O -4′-(sinapoyl alcohol) ether ( 116 ), (7 S ,8 R )-lawsonicin ( 117 ), 5′-methoxylariciresinol ( 118 ), (+)-(7′ R ,8 R ,8′ R )-5,5′-dimethoxylariciresinol ( 119 ), (+)-(7′ S ,8 R ,8′ R )-5,5′-dimethoxylariciresinol ( 120 ) [46]. The lignanoids isolated from the leaves of C. cassia include cinnacassin F (121), cinnacassin G (122), cinnacassin H (123), cinnacassin I ( 124 ), cinnacassin J ( 125 ), cinnacassin K ( 126 ), cinnacassin L ( 127 ), cinnacassin M ( 128 ), cinnacassin N ( 129 ) and cinnacassin O ( 130 ) [44].…”

“…In addition to these major compounds mentioned above, some other chemical compounds are found from C. cassia , including benzyl benzoate ( 140 ), 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde ( 141 ), 3-phenylpropanol ( 142 ) [33], 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane ( 143 ), 2,5,9-trimethyldecane ( 144 ), 2-ethyl-5-propylphenol ( 145 ), 3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl alcohol ( 146 ), 2,5-dimethylundecane ( 147 ) [40], benzaldehyde ( 148 ), phenylethyl alcohol ( 149 ) [33,40], 2-methoxyphenylacetone ( 150 ) [35], benzenepropanal ( 151 ) [33,35], acetophenone ( 152 ) [33,36], 1,3-dimethylbenzene ( 153 ), styrene ( 154 ), 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol ( 155 ), decanal ( 156 ), 2,6,10-trimethyldodecane ( 157 ) [36], epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin ( 158 ) [51], rosavin ( 159 ) [42,47], coumarin ( 160 ) [36,49], dihydromelilotoside ( 161 ), methyl dihydromelilotoside ( 162 ) [42], evofolin B ( 163 ) [44,47], cinnamomoside A ( 164 ) [44], cinncassin C ( 165 ) and cinncassin B ( 166 ) [46] (Figure 9).…”

“…In 2016, Lan et al demonstrated that EOTC (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg) can significantly reduce the amount of writhing induced by oxytocin and acetic acid, inhibit the Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) and formalin-induced paw flinching and licking, in addition, EOTC also inhibited carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and paw edema via inhibiting the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, NO and PGE2, and depressed the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 in paw skin tissue of mice [52]. In addition, EAEBC was reported to be inhibitory to the production of NO in LPS-induced BV-2 microglial cells [46].…”

Screening the Q‐markers of TCMs from RA rat plasma using UHPLC‐QTOF/MS technique for the comprehensive evaluation of Wu‐Wei‐Wen‐Tong Capsule

“…Based on the literature reports of five kinds of medicinal materials (Huangqin, 30–32 Yinyanghuo, 33–37 Pianjianghuang, 38–42 Guizhi, 43–52 and Fuling 53–57 ) and QTOF/MS analysis and fragmentation patterns of representative constituents, we identified or tentatively characterized a total of 91 components from RA rat serum after oral administration of WWWTC (Table S1). Among them, peaks 29 , 30 , 36 , 37 , 43 , 83 , 85 , 90 , and 91 were derived from the herb of Fuling and peaks 9 – 13 , 20 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 40 , 46 , 51 , 58 , 64 , 65 , 68 , 72 , 73 , 78 , 84 , and 86 were from Guizhi.…”