Nitric oxide in postmenopausal women taking three different HRT regimens

Kesim, Melahat; Aydın, Yusuf; Erdemir, M.; Atis, Alev

doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2004.04.002

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In the present study, there were no differences in the serum LPO and TBARS levels (indicators of lipid peroxidation and free-radical production, respectively) between the WTHT and WHT groups. These data differ from previous findings 25 and from the significantly higher TBARS levels in postmenopausal women under HT 26 . The discrepancy between our study and the already-mentioned report may be related to differences in the mean ages of the groups that were studied, namely, 59 and 56 years in our WTHT and WHT women, respectively, compared to 47 and 52 years for WTHT and WHT women, respectively, in Kesim et al's study 26 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…These data differ from previous findings 25 and from the significantly higher TBARS levels in postmenopausal women under HT 26 . The discrepancy between our study and the already-mentioned report may be related to differences in the mean ages of the groups that were studied, namely, 59 and 56 years in our WTHT and WHT women, respectively, compared to 47 and 52 years for WTHT and WHT women, respectively, in Kesim et al's study 26 . The nitric oxide synthase expressed within the vascular wall is a target of estrogen action and produces a number of beneficial effects on vascular biology.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The lack of difference in the serum nitrate/nitrite levels of WTHT and WHT women agreed with data reported by kesim et al 26 , but differed from those of Bednarek-Tupikowska et al 25 and Salhotra et al 28 , who reported significantly higher nitrite levels in postmenopausal women under HT.…”

Section: Original Articlesupporting

confidence: 83%

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Tratamento pós-menopausa reduz a atividade da catalase e atenua o risco cardiovascular

Castanho¹,

Nakamura²,

Pinto‐Neto³

et al. 2012

Arq. Bras. Cardiol.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Tratamento pós-menopausa reduz a atividade da catalase e atenua o risco cardiovascular

Castanho¹,

Nakamura²,

Pinto‐Neto³

et al. 2012

Arq. Bras. Cardiol.

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“…The current study supports our previous findings and indicates that in human primary endometrial cells or in an endometrial-derived epithelial cell line (HES cells) progesterone has a stimulatory effect on eNOS/iNOS expression and like estrogen (6) stimulates the phosphrylation of eNOS in a non-genomic fashion. Work by others also has shown a positive stimulatory effect of different hormone replacement therapy regimens on circulating NO in humans (16). Zervou et al demonstrated that progesterone up-regulated myometrial smooth muscle eNOS which could be blocked by RU486 in a primary human myocyte cell culture system (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of progesterone on endometrial nitric oxide synthase expression

Khorram

Han

2009

Fertility and Sterility

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Objective To determine the effect of progesterone on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression in human endometrial epithelial cells. Design Laboratory-based study. Setting University based research institute. Patients None. Intervention(s) The effect of progesterone on the expression of NOS protein isoforms was examined in an in vitro preparation. Main Outcome The expression of NOS and phosphorylated endothelial NOS (peNOS) protein in human endometrial derived epithelial cells (HES cells) and mRNA in human primary endometrial cell culture. Results Progesterone induced a concentration and time-dependant stimulation of endothelial NOS (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS) and peNOS protein in HES cells. Progesterone also stimulated eNOS and iNOS mRNA in human primary endometrial cells. The effect of progesterone on eNOS/iNOS was completely blocked by RU486 but was partially blocked in case of phosphorylated eNOS. RU486 alone had an inhibitory effect on expression of eNOS but not iNOS protein at concentrations of progesterone greater than 10−5 M. Progesterone stimulated phosphorylation of eNOS within 30 minutes and this effect was completely blocked by an inhibitor of PI3/Akt pathway, wortmanin and by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1, 2 pathway blocker UO126. Conclusion Progesterone has both genomic and non-genomic effects to stimulate the expression of NOS in HES cells. The non-genomic action of progesterone on NOS phosphorylation is mediated by the PI3/Akt and ERK1, 2 pathways.

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“…Most such studies have involved high doses of hormones. However, recent studies suggesting that estrogen administration has beneficial effects on endothelial function (8,35) also indicate that the benefits are greater when low doses are employed (41).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-dose estrogen therapy does not change postexercise hypotension, sympathetic nerve activity reduction, and vasodilation in healthy postmenopausal women

Oneda

Forjaz²,

Bernardo³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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The aim of this study was to determine whether estrogen therapy enhances postexercise muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) decrease and vasodilation, resulting in a greater postexercise hypotension. Eighteen postmenopausal women received oral estrogen therapy (ET; n ϭ 9, 1 mg/day) or placebo (n ϭ 9) for 6 mo. They then participated in one 45-min exercise session (cycle ergometer at 50% of oxygen uptake peak) and one 45-min control session (seated rest) in random order. Blood pressure (BP, oscillometry), heart rate (HR), MSNA (microneurography), forearm blood flow (FBF, plethysmography), and forearm vascular resistance (FVR) were measured 60 min later. FVR was calculated. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA. Although postexercise physiological responses were unaltered, HR was significantly lower in the ET group than in the placebo group (59 Ϯ 2 vs. 71 Ϯ 2 beats/min, P Ͻ 0.01). In both groups, exercise produced significant decreases in systolic BP (145 Ϯ 3 vs. 154 Ϯ 3 mmHg, P ϭ 0.01), diastolic BP (71 Ϯ 3 vs. 75 Ϯ 2 mmHg, P ϭ 0.04), mean BP (89 Ϯ 2 vs. 93 Ϯ 2 mmHg, P ϭ 0.02), MSNA (29 Ϯ 2 vs. 35 Ϯ 1 bursts/min, P Ͻ 0.01), and FVR (33 Ϯ 4 vs. 55 Ϯ 10 units, P ϭ 0.01), whereas it increased FBF (2.7 Ϯ 0.4 vs. 1.6 Ϯ 0.2 ml ⅐ min Ϫ1 ⅐ 100 ml Ϫ1 , P ϭ 0.02) and did not change HR (64 Ϯ 2 vs. 65 Ϯ 2 beats/min, P ϭ 0.3). Although ET did not change postexercise BP, HR, MSNA, FBF, or FVR responses, it reduced absolute HR values at baseline and after exercise. postmenopause; aerobic exercise; muscle sympathetic nerve activity; blood pressure THE POSTMENOPAUSAL PERIOD is accompanied by a number of physiological alterations (49). In postmenopausal women, blood pressure gradually increases (71), resulting in a considerably higher incidence of hypertension than that seen in premenopausal women (68). This difference has been attributed to abnormalities in arteriolar resistance caused by the absence of estrogen (48) and/or by physiological aging (1). Arteriolar resistance and hypertension are usually associated with an increase in sympathetic activity or responsiveness (33,64). However, the effects of menopause on sympathetic activity remain unclear. One recent study evaluated Polish and American women between 40 and 56 yr of age (50). The authors found that sympathetic activity in the postmenopausal women was similar to that observed in the premenopausal women. In contrast, the authors of a study conducted in Japan (46) observed higher sympathetic nerve activity in post-and premenopausal middle-aged women. Discrepancies in results might be related to many factors, such as ethnic background and diet.Postmenopausal women are often treated with hormone replacement therapy to minimize the symptoms and consequences of menopause. However, the effects of this therapy depend on the type and dose of hormone employed (31). Currently, many women are receiving natural estrogens, and the North American Menopause Society recommends that hormone replacement therapy should be administered in low doses to avoid any possible side effects (...

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Nitric oxide in postmenopausal women taking three different HRT regimens

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Tratamento pós-menopausa reduz a atividade da catalase e atenua o risco cardiovascular

Tratamento pós-menopausa reduz a atividade da catalase e atenua o risco cardiovascular

Influence of progesterone on endometrial nitric oxide synthase expression

Low-dose estrogen therapy does not change postexercise hypotension, sympathetic nerve activity reduction, and vasodilation in healthy postmenopausal women

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