Nitric Oxide Catalysis in Automotive Exhaust Systems

Taylor, Kathleen C.

doi:10.1080/01614949308013915

Cited by 790 publications

(275 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…To obtain the maximum performance, the catalytic converter has been designed to cycle between lean and rich conditions about the stoichiometric point (Taylor, 1993). During cold startup the converter is inactive until it reaches its light-off temperature (between 250 and 350 C) in 90 to 120 s (Kas spar et al, 2003).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the TWC is key in the control of NOx, CO, and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from gasoline engines, environmental regulations have had special interest in the removal of sulfur from gasoline and diesel fuels, forcing the refining industry to comply (Kaufmann et al, 2000;Taylor, 1993). However, this has implications for the operation of TWC that have not been thoroughly studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nitrous Oxide Formation During Light-Off Over a Commercial Pd-Containing Three-Way Catalytic Converter: The Effect of Low-Sulfur Gasoline

Mejía‐Centeno¹,

Fuentes²

2009

Chemical Engineering Communications

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In this work we report how the use of low-sulfur gasoline decreases formation of N 2 O as a by-product during light-off of commercial Pd-only three-way catalytic converters (TWC). Our results also show that even in the absence of sulfur a large quantity of N 2 O (reaching instantaneous concentrations up to 700 ppm) is produced at low temperature, between 200 and 400 C. At high temperature (400 to 600 C) and lean conditions we found an unexpected emission of N 2 O (200 ppm), which is apparently produced by reduction of NO with C 3 H 8 on the TWC. The emission of N 2 O during light-off is practically independent of the air-to-fuel ratio but depends strongly of the sulfur content in gasoline. Under rich and stoichiometric conditions, the presence of SO 2 promotes N 2 O formation (concentrations from 700 to 900 ppm) via NO reduction by CO. The presence of SO 2 in a lean environment has no effect upon formation of N 2 O.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrous Oxide Formation During Light-Off Over a Commercial Pd-Containing Three-Way Catalytic Converter: The Effect of Low-Sulfur Gasoline

Mejía‐Centeno¹,

Fuentes²

2009

Chemical Engineering Communications

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“…Today, three way catalysts (TWC) oxidize CO and HC to CO2 and H2O, and simultaneously reduce NOx to N2 in a very efficient way for conventional Otto gasoline engines [9][10][11][12]. The conventional gasoline engines operate at stoichiometric air/fuel ratio, A/F=14.63 (w/w) [13,14], which produces an exhaust gas with the exact balance of CO, H2 and HC (reducing species) needed to reduce NOx and O2 (oxidizing species).…”

Section: Automobile Exhaust Aftertreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of NO2 at the reactor exit is due to the oxidation of NO by Pt sites as described in eqns. (5)- (9). When the rich feedstream contacts the catalyst (t=0), the NO and NO2 concentrations are progressively reduced, eventually reaching 0 ppm.…”

Section: The Chemistry Of Nox Storage and Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NOx Storage and Reduction for Diesel Engine Exhaust Aftertreatment

Pereda‐Ayo¹,

González‐Velasco²

2013

Diesel Engine - Combustion, Emissions and Condition Monitoring

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“…In this method, the operating window is widened by the OSC through the storage of oxygen in the oxygenrich condition and releasing oxygen in the lean condition in situ. In this context, CeO 2 has been an important oxygen storage material in TWC [2,3]. The reactions are…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noble metal ion-substituted ceria as efficient oxygen storage catalysts for clean combustion of fuels

Vijayaraghavan

2013

Appl Petrochem Res

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Three-way catalysts, a component of automobile converters, can control auto exhaust emissions by its capacity of converting CO, un-burnt hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) into less harmful CO 2 , H 2 O and N 2 simultaneously. This process is efficient only when the A/F ratio is at 14.7. To widen the ratio for better chemical control, oxygen storage catalysts (OSC) based on CeO 2, capable of three-way action, are employed in converters along with conventional catalysts. In this article, the enhanced activity of noble metal ion incorporated/dispersed CeO 2 catalysts towards three-way action over conventional metal particles dispersed (in a matrix) catalysts is illustrated. The better performance of the metal ion dispersed catalysts is attributed to better dispersion of active metal ion sites over the reducible matrix like CeO 2, leading to many-fold increase in the number of active sites.

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Nitric Oxide Catalysis in Automotive Exhaust Systems

Cited by 790 publications

References 48 publications

Nitrous Oxide Formation During Light-Off Over a Commercial Pd-Containing Three-Way Catalytic Converter: The Effect of Low-Sulfur Gasoline

Nitrous Oxide Formation During Light-Off Over a Commercial Pd-Containing Three-Way Catalytic Converter: The Effect of Low-Sulfur Gasoline

NOx Storage and Reduction for Diesel Engine Exhaust Aftertreatment

Noble metal ion-substituted ceria as efficient oxygen storage catalysts for clean combustion of fuels

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