Nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide share regulatory functions in higher plant events

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) are two molecules that share signaling properties in plant and animal cells. NO and H 2 S originate two families of derived molecules designated reactive nitrogen and sulfur species (RNS and RSS, respectively). These molecules are responsible for certain protein regulatory processes through posttranslational modifications (PTMs), being the most remarkable S-nitrosation and persulfidation, which affect the thiol group of cysteine residues. NO and H 2 S can also exert regulatory functions due to their interaction through the iron present in proteins that contain heme groups or iron-sulfur clusters, as reported mainly in animal cells. However, the available information in plant cells is still very limited thus far. In higher plants, NO and H 2 S are involved in a myriad of physiological events from seed germination to fruit ripening, but also the mechanism of response to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. This viewpoint manuscript highlights the functional regulatory parallelism of these two molecules which also interact with the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells.

NO Is Not the Same as GSNO in the Regulation of Fe Deficiency Responses by Dicot Plants

“…NO can interact with many hormones, su acid, auxin and ethylene, and signaling molec species and hydrogen sulfide, to exert its funct and abiotic stresses [18,29,33,55,71,[119][120][121][122][123][124]. I by dicot plants, some of these interactions ha Nonetheless, to simplify the description of all will only describe the interactions of NO with e have all been implicated in the activation of sponses to Fe deficiency in dicot plants, and a key Fe acquisition genes [3,[7][8][9]13,15,71,93,96,1 Fe-related genes upregulated by NO in Fe-de plants are similarly upregulated by ethylene have been described as the downstream signa tion of the morphological and physiological r related to ethylene, directly interact with the regulated with NO, affects FIT transcription; a NO in the development of subapical root hair mones and signaling molecules are inter-rela other ones involved in the regulation of Fe defi ethylene, auxin or NO [9,93,105].…”

“…NO can interact with many hormones, such as strigolactones, salicylic acid, abscis acid, auxin and ethylene, and signaling molecules, such as polyamines, reactive oxyge species and hydrogen sulfide, to exert its functions in the regulation of responses to biot and abiotic stresses [18,29,33,55,71,[119][120][121][122][123][124]. In the regulation of Fe deficiency response by dicot plants, some of these interactions have already been described [8,9,24,71,105 Nonetheless, to simplify the description of all the possible interactions, in this review, w will only describe the interactions of NO with ethylene and auxin.…”