Nitric oxide alleviates wheat yield reduction by protecting photosynthetic system from oxidation of ozone pollution

The light and dark sides of nitric oxide: multifaceted roles of nitric oxide in plant responses to light

“…Over the years, Arabidopsis mutants defective in specific NO production and degradation pathways, particularly NR (single nia1, nia2 and double nia1nia2 mutants) and GSNOR (gsnor), have played a significant role in clarifying NO metabolism under different contexts (Desikan et al, 2002;Lozano-Juste & León, 2010Kwon et al, 2012). In addition, two mutants with alterations in plastid biogenesis, the nitric oxide associated 1 (noa1) and NO overproducer1 (nox1), have also been widely used in NO research because of their reduced and increased NO accumulation, respectively (He et al, 2004;Flores-Pérez et al, 2008;Fu et al, 2016 ;Li et al, 2018).…”

“…Plant photomorphogenesis initiates with seed germination and the subsequent establishment of emergent seedlings as competent autotrophic organisms (Seo et al, 2009). During this challenging step of the plant life cycle, NO production appears to be up-regulated (Lozano-Juste and Melo et al, 2016;Li et al, 2018).…”

“…Although L-Arg-dependent NO biosynthesis has been reported to occur under some circumstances, such as in dark-grown barley and wheat seedlings transferred to light (Zhang et al, 2006;, NR activity has been predominantly reported as the primary source of NO during early plant photomorphogenesis (Lozano-Juste and Melo et al, 2016;Li et al, 2018). For instance, lighttriggered increments in NO production in germinating seeds and de-etiolating seedlings were accompanied by concomitant elevations in NR gene expression and enzymatic activity, which depended on PHY activation (Melo et al, 2016;Li et al, 2018). Moreover, high concentrations of gibberellins (GAs) repressed NO production in darkness (Lozano-Juste and Léon, 2011), and GAs negatively regulated NR activity in Arabidopsis seedlings (Zhang et al, 2011b).…”

“…Plant hormones and other small signaling molecules are also responsible for shaping plant growth and development in response to the light environment (Seo et al, 2009;Vanhaelewyn et al, 2016). The small molecule nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as part of the signaling cascades controlling lightdependent plant responses such as seed germination, stomatal movements, light stress responses, and photosynthesis, amongst others (Beligni and Lamattina, 2000;Melo et al, 2016;Li et al, 2018). The first report on the influence of NO on plant photomorphogenesis dates back to the year 2000, when Lamattina's group revealed that NO donors could replace, to different degrees, the light requirements for repressing hypocotyl and internode elongation, and promoting seed germination and seedling greening (Beligni and Lamattina, 2000).…”

“…The first report on the influence of NO on plant photomorphogenesis dates back to the year 2000, when Lamattina's group revealed that NO donors could replace, to different degrees, the light requirements for repressing hypocotyl and internode elongation, and promoting seed germination and seedling greening (Beligni and Lamattina, 2000). Since then, light was shown to regulate NO metabolism at several steps of the plant life cycle, and some new mechanisms behind the crosstalk between NO and photoreceptor-mediated signaling cascades have been characterized (Lozano-Juste and Melo et al, 2016;Li et al, 2018). In this review, we cover recent breakthroughs on NO signaling action in plant photomorphogenesis, lightdependent stomatal movement, photosynthetic reactions, and light stress responses, and highlight how NO metabolism is affected by distinct light conditions.…”