Nitric Oxide Activates Voltage-Dependent Potassium Currents of Crustacean Skeletal Muscle

A crustacean nitric oxide synthase expressed in nerve ganglia, Y-organ,gill and gonad of the tropical land crab,Gecarcinus lateralis

“…NOS was not detected in skeletal muscle (Fig.·5), although NO and cGMP increase inward Ca 2+ current and both early and delayed outward K + currents in skeletal muscle of a marine isopod Hermann and Erxleben, 2001). The functions of NOS in Y-organ, ovary, testis and gill are not known.…”

“…In crustaceans, NO/cGMP signaling plays a role in neuronal development and neuron, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle regulation (Aonuma et al, 2000;Newland, 2001, 2002;Erxleben and Hermann, 2001;Hermann and Erxleben, 2001;Johansson and Mellon, 1998;Mahadevan et al, 2004;Scholz, 1999Scholz, , 2001Scholz et al, 1998Scholz et al, , 2001. NOS is expressed in neurons of the cerebral, stomatogastric, eyestalk, abdominal terminal and cardiac ganglia (Christie et al, 2003;Johansson and Carlberg, 1994;Johansson and Mellon, 1998;Lee et al, 2000;Scholz et al, 2002;Schuppe et al, 2001aSchuppe et al, ,b, 2002Talavera et al, 1995;Zou et al, 2002).…”

“…NOS is expressed in neurons of the cerebral, stomatogastric, eyestalk, abdominal terminal and cardiac ganglia (Christie et al, 2003;Johansson and Carlberg, 1994;Johansson and Mellon, 1998;Lee et al, 2000;Scholz et al, 2002;Schuppe et al, 2001aSchuppe et al, ,b, 2002Talavera et al, 1995;Zou et al, 2002). The NO/cGMP signaling pathway is required for the dynamic assembly of the neuronal circuit that drives rhythmic movement in crabs (Scholz, 2001;Scholz et al, 2002), alters ion channel properties of skeletal muscle Hermann and Erxleben, 2001) and decreases heartbeat amplitude and frequency (Mahadevan et al, 2004). The biochemical properties of crustacean NOS are similar to those of mammalian nNOS and insect NOS, as it also requires NADPH, Ca 2+ and CaM for activity (Johansson and Carlberg, 1994;Lee et al, 2000;Scholz et al, 2002;Zou et al, 2002).…”

Serotonin and nitric oxide interaction in the control of bioluminescence in northern krill, Meganyctiphanes norvegica (M. Sars)

“…NO has furthermore been shown to alter the excitability of some cell types. In skeletal muscle from the isopod Idotea baltica, NO stimulates outward potassium currents from the muscle cells, resulting in a hyperpolarization of the cell (Hermann and Erxleben, 2001). Hyperpolarization of the photocytes by NO in the haemolymph would result in less responsiveness to excitatory stimuli and consequently less light production.…”

The Effect of Hydroxylamine on KATPChannels in Vascular Smooth Muscle and Underlying Mechanisms

“…For example, NO activates Ca 2ϩ -activated K ϩ (K Ca ) channels (Robertson et al, 1993;Bolotina et al, 1994), voltage-dependent K ϩ (K V ) channels (Hermann and Erxleben, 2001), or K ATP channels (Kubo et al, 1994;Murphy and Brayden, 1995) directly via a nitrosylation mechanism (Stamler, 1994) or indirectly via the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway (DeMaster et al, 1989;Thomas and Ramwell, 1989;Robertson et al, 1993). Nevertheless, whether the vasorelaxant effects of HA involve the activation of ion channels and hyperpolarization of the cell membrane has never been defined.…”