Nitrates in the environment: A critical review of their distribution, sensing techniques, ecological effects and remediation

Singh, Simranjeet; Anil, Amith G.; Kumar, Vijay; Kapoor, Dhriti; Subramanian, S.; Singh, Joginder; Ramamurthy, Praveen C.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131996

Cited by 128 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 176 publications

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“…Water crises are not only caused by droughts and shortages of the resource, but also by pollution and water quality deterioration, which reduce the quantity of safe water in many regions of the world [1]. As a result, a challenge faced by all countries is a reduction in the concentrations of pollutants in surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) [2][3][4]. Several measures have been implemented to decrease the concentration of nitrates in water bodies around the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Surface-Groundwater Modelling of Nitrate Concentration in Mediterranean Rivers, the Júcar River Basin District, Spain

et al. 2021

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High nutrient discharge from groundwater (GW) into surface water (SW) have multiple undesirable effects on river water quality. With the aim to estimate the impact of anthropic pressures and river–aquifer interactions on nitrate status in SW, this study integrates two hydrological simulation and water quality models. PATRICAL models SW–GW interactions and RREA models streamflow changes due to human activity. The models were applied to the Júcar River Basin District (RBD), where 33% of the aquifers have a concentration above 50 mg NO3−/L. As a result, there is a direct linear correlation between the nitrate concentration in rivers and aquifers (Júcar r2 = 0.9, and Turia r2 = 0.8), since in these Mediterranean basins, the main amount of river flows comes from groundwater discharge. The concentration of nitrates in rivers and GW tends to increase downstream of the district, where artificial surfaces and agriculture are concentrated. The total NO3− load to Júcar RBD rivers was estimated at 10,202 tN/year (239 kg/km2/year), from which 99% is generated by diffuse pollution, and 3378 tN/year (79 kg/km2/year) is discharged into the Mediterranean Sea. Changes in nitrate concentration in the RBD rivers are strongly related to the source of irrigation water, river–aquifer interactions, and flow regulation. The models used in this paper allow the identification of pollution sources, the forecasting of nitrate concentration in surface and groundwater, and the evaluation of the efficiency of measures to prevent water degradation, among other applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Surface-Groundwater Modelling of Nitrate Concentration in Mediterranean Rivers, the Júcar River Basin District, Spain

et al. 2021

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“…Currently, UV spectrophotometry has been increasingly used for online monitoring of various water quality parameters [1]. Among the various methods of nitrification monitoring, spectroscopic methods are preferable because of their simplicity, rapid detection, and high sensitivity, which improves the accuracy of detection [2,36]. To develop online based sensors, Banna et al [37] indicated important criteria, including response, measurement range, sensitivity, accuracy, lifetime, maintenance, and cost, need to be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Optical Method to Monitor Nitrification in Drinking Water

Hossain

Cook

Chow

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Nitrification is a common issue observed in chloraminated drinking water distribution systems, resulting in the undesirable loss of monochloramine (NH2Cl) residual. The decay of monochloramine releases ammonia (NH3), which is converted to nitrite (NO2−) and nitrate (NO3−) through a biological oxidation process. During the course of monochloramine decay and the production of nitrite and nitrate, the spectral fingerprint is observed to change within the wavelength region sensitive to these species. In addition, chloraminated drinking water will contain natural organic matter (NOM), which also has a spectral fingerprint. To assess the nitrification status, the combined nitrate and nitrite absorbance fingerprint was isolated from the total spectra. A novel method is proposed here to isolate their spectra and estimate their combined concentration. The spectral fingerprint of pure monochloramine solution at different concentrations indicated that the absorbance difference between two concentrations at a specific wavelength can be related to other wavelengths by a linear function. It is assumed that the absorbance reduction in drinking water spectra due to monochloramine decay will follow a similar pattern as in ultrapure water. Based on this criteria, combined nitrate and nitrite spectra were isolated from the total spectrum. A machine learning model was developed using the support vector regression (SVR) algorithm to relate the spectral features of pure nitrate and nitrite with their concentrations. The model was used to predict the combined nitrate and nitrite concentration for a number of test samples. Out of these samples, the nitrified sample showed an increasing trend of combined nitrate and nitrite productions. The predicted values were matched with the observed concentrations, and the level of precision by the method was ± 0.01 mg-N L−1. This method can be implemented in chloraminated distribution systems to monitor and manage nitrification.

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“…It can be degraded by environmental erosion, biodegradation, thermal degradation, and photodegradation (Andrady, 2015). However, these methods are inclined more towards the demerits as compared to their merits except the biodegradation (Singh et al, 2022(Singh et al, , 2021b. As recycling PET waste is of high cost, its practice is also limited (Awoyera and Adesina, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological degradation of polyethylene terephthalate by rhizobacteria

Dhaka

Singh

Ramamurthy

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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In view of the growing demand for plastic products, an enormous proportion of plastic waste causing the biological issue is produced. Plants in collaboration with their rhizobacteria partners are also exposed to these contaminants. The study aims to determine the rhizobacterial ability to biodegrade PET plastic. We isolated the rhizobacteria capable of degrading the PET plastic in minimal salt media using it as a sole carbon source. The three rhizospheric isolates, namely Priestia aryabhattai VT 3.12 (GenBank accession No. OK135732.1), Bacillus pseudomycoides VT 3.15 (GenBank accession No. OK135733.1), and Bacillus pumilus VT 3.16 (GenBank accession No. OK1357324.1), showed the highest degradation percentage for PET sheet and powder. The biodegradation end products post 28 days for PET sheet and 18 days of PET powder were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our results showed significant biodegradation of PET plastic, and the rate of degradation could account for over 65%. The present study proves soil rhizobacteria's potential and capabilities for efficient degradation of PET plastic occurring at the waste sites. It also implies that rhizobacteria could be beneficial in the remediation of PET waste in future applications.

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Nitrates in the environment: A critical review of their distribution, sensing techniques, ecological effects and remediation

Cited by 128 publications

References 176 publications

Integrated Surface-Groundwater Modelling of Nitrate Concentration in Mediterranean Rivers, the Júcar River Basin District, Spain

Integrated Surface-Groundwater Modelling of Nitrate Concentration in Mediterranean Rivers, the Júcar River Basin District, Spain

Development of an Optical Method to Monitor Nitrification in Drinking Water

Biological degradation of polyethylene terephthalate by rhizobacteria

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