Nitrates and nitrites in vegetables and vegetable-based products and their intakes by the Estonian population

Tamme, Terje; Reinik, Mari; Roasto, Mati; Juhkam, Kadrin; Tenno, Toomas; Kiis, A.

doi:10.1080/02652030500482363

Cited by 136 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The DI for other vegetables (string beans, tomato, cucumber, cauliflower and pepper) does not reach even 10 mg of NO3 -per inhabitant (Table 4). If the potential intakes of nitrate from vegetables in Slovenia is compared with those in other European countries, it appears that the nitrate intake estimated in this study is substantially higher than the intake estimates reported from the UK (Knight et al, 1987), Denmark (Petersen and Stoltze, 1999), Italy (De Martin and Restani, 2003), Estonia (Tamme et al, 2006) and France (Menard et al, 2008). The most likely explanation for this difference is the higher consumption of vegetables in Slovenia.…”

Section: Nitrate and Nitrite Forms Intake By Human Bodycontrasting

confidence: 46%

“…It seems that lettuce contributes to the highest dietary nitrate intake from vegetables in Slovenia. DeMartin and Restani (2003) in Italy, Tamme et al (2006) in Estonia, Merino et al (2006) in Sweden and Menard et al (2008) in France also found a very high content of nitrate in lettuce. On the other hand, some findings did not agree with these reports.…”

Section: Content Of the Nitrate Form In Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These vegetables often contain nitrate concentrations above 2500 mg kg -1 , especially when they are cultivated in greenhouses (Santamaria, 2006). On the other hand, the nitrate content of vegetables can also be affected by the geographical region, day (light) intensity and duration, soil texture, soil temperature, humidity, density of plants in the field, vegetation period, season of harvest and processing time (Guadagnin et al, 2005;Tamme et al, 2006;Weigtman et al, 2006;Parks et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the nitrate and nitrite content of vegetables commonly grown in Slovenia

2017

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Nitrate (NO3 -) and nitrite (NO2 -) levels of a total 1195 samples of nine different vegetables (lettuce, potato, cabbage, carrot, string beans, tomato, cucumber, cauliflower and pepper) collected at several locations of an intensive agricultural area in Slovenia were analysed during a period of 13 years. The content of NO2 -and NO3 -ions in commercial mature samples was determined using a segmented flow analyser. The average NO3 -content was the highest in lettuce (962 mg/kg), cabbage (795 mg/kg), string beans (298 mg/kg), carrot (264 mg/kg), cauliflower (231 mg/kg), potato (169 mg/kg) and was moderately high in cucumber (93 mg/kg) and pepper (69 mg/kg). A low NO3 -content was found in tomato (<10 mg/kg). The average values of NO2 -did not exceed 0.5 mg/kg, with the exception of potato (1.08 mg/kg). Six samples of lettuce exceeded the maximum permissible level of NO3 -according to current European Union (EU) legislation. Based on the results of our investigation, we assessed the approximate daily intake (DI) of NO3 -and NO2 -to human body. The results indicated that with the consumption of potato, the daily intake per inhabitant is close to the acceptable DI permitted in EU.

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Section: Nitrate and Nitrite Forms Intake By Human Bodycontrasting

confidence: 46%

Section: Content Of the Nitrate Form In Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the nitrate and nitrite content of vegetables commonly grown in Slovenia

2017

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“…Since NO 3 − content may also vary according to agricultural management, landscape, and genetic factors (Tamme et al 2006)-and there is a lack of available information about NO 3 − content in natural beetroot juice from different areasthe present study was conducted in order to evaluate the NO 3 − and NO 2 − contents in red beetroot in natura from different Brazilian regions by reversed-phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with fluorescence detection. The NO 3 − and NO 2 − contents in beetroot acquired in the USA were also evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the vegetable is also considered a dietary NO 3 − source (Pennington 1998;Santamaría 2006;Tamme et al 2006). The NO 3 − content in this food matrix has been proposed to enhance blood perfusion (Webb et al 2008;Kapil et al 2010), restore endothelial function (Stokes et al 2009), and improve exercise performance Murphy et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative and Comparative Contents of Nitrate and Nitrite in Beta vulgaris L. by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence

et al. 2015

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The consumption of beetroot, a food rich in nitrate, has been recommended to enhance blood perfusion, restore endothelial function, and improve exercise performance. These properties may be explained by the possible effect of nitrate present in beetroot in stimulating the endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator. However, there is limited evidence giving detailed information about how nitrate contents from beetroot used in studies have been analyzed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate nitrate and nitrite contents of beetroot from different regions of Brazil and from the USA. Nitrate and nitrite contents were quantified by using a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography system with fluorescence detection. Beetroots from the USA showed the highest nitrate (31.2±0.010 mmol.L −1 ) and nitrite (0.45±0.005 mmol.L −1 ) contents when compared to beetroots from Brazil. Rio de Janeiro was the region that showed the highest nitrate content (17.1±0.020 mmol.L −1 ), while Rio Grande do Norte presented the highest nitrite content (0.13±0.010 mmol.L −1 ). The reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence method may be applied for the quantification of nitrate and nitrite contents in beetroot samples. The results of the present study demonstrate that beetroots may vary in their nitrate and nitrite contents.This data represents a useful tool to encourage researchers to analyze the nitrate and nitrite contents in beetroots utilized in interventional clinical studies.

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Composted tobacco waste increases the yield and organoleptic quality of leaf mustard

Nguyen

Dinh

Hoang

et al. 2022

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) waste is produced in many countries and is phytotoxic due to the alkaloid content; in Vietnam the waste is usually burned causing air pollution. We composted tobacco waste with chicken manure in different proportions—1 t of waste ± accelerant (C1 and C2); 0.8 t of waste + 0.2 t of chicken manure ± accelerant (C3 and C4); and 0.7 t of waste + 0.3 t of chicken manure ± accelerant (C5 and C6)—for 30 d in covered heaps. Three mixtures containing the accelerant (C2, C4, and C6) reached temperatures of ∼55 °C, that 5s, hot enough to suppress disease and weeds. Composting decreased the alkaloid content from ∼6,000 to ∼200 mg kg−1, and C4 with a C/N ratio of 19:1, was used in a field trial. The compost treatments (0, 10, 15, and 20 t ha−1) were combined fertilizer with phosphorus (40 kg ha−1), nitrogen (60 kg ha−1) and potassium (90 kg ha−1) for leaf mustard (Brassica integrifolia). The yield increased from ∼17 to ∼29 t ha−1 with the amount of compost applied, and the nitrate concentration decreased concomitantly from ∼67 to ∼42 mg NO3–N kg−1 fresh weight, presumably due to ongoing composting (nitrogen drawdown). Organoleptic evaluation showed a preference for the crops grown with the compost amendments. Whether remains to be seen whether one‐off compost applications >20 t ha−1 and repeated, large applications provide additional, long‐term production benefits, or if the benefits may be outweighed by the accumulation of persistent, phytotoxic alkaloids.

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Nitrates and nitrites in vegetables and vegetable-based products and their intakes by the Estonian population

Cited by 136 publications

References 17 publications

Evaluation of the nitrate and nitrite content of vegetables commonly grown in Slovenia

Evaluation of the nitrate and nitrite content of vegetables commonly grown in Slovenia

Quantitative and Comparative Contents of Nitrate and Nitrite in Beta vulgaris L. by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence

Composted tobacco waste increases the yield and organoleptic quality of leaf mustard

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