Nitrate Toxicity in Dairy Heifers. 3. Endocrine Responses to Nitrate Ingestion during Pregnancy

Jainudeen, M. R.; Hansel, William; Davison, K. L.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(65)88199-1

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In other studies, adverse effects on thyroid function tended to disappear toward the end of the experimental period, possibly reflecting adaptation to nitrate (Arora et al, 1968). This interpretation is consistent with the lack of effects on thyroid weight documented in dairy cows exposed to 440 or 660 mg nitrate ion per kg bw before or at 40 days or 150 of pregnancy and slaughtered 30 days post-calving (Jainudeen et al, 1965). No significant effects on circulating thyroid hormones were also reported in Angora goats offered a diet supplemented with 1,500 mg/kg nitrate for 180 days (Avci et al, 2018).…”

Section: Thyroid Effectssupporting

confidence: 85%

Risk assessment of nitrate and nitrite in feed

Schrenk¹,

Bignami²,

Bodin³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks to animal health related to nitrite and nitrate in feed. For nitrate ion, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain ( CONTAM Panel) identified a BMDL 10 of 64 mg nitrate/kg body weight (bw) per day for adult cattle, based on methaemoglobin (MetHb) levels in animal's blood that would not induce clinical signs of hypoxia. The BMDL 10 is applicable to all bovines, except for pregnant cows in which reproductive effects were not clearly associated with MetHb formation. Since the data available suggested that ovines and caprines are not more sensitive than bovines, the BMDL 10 could also be applied to these species. Highest mean exposure estimates of 53 and 60 mg nitrate/kg bw per day in grass silage‐based diets for beef cattle and fattening goats, respectively, may raise a health concern for ruminants when compared with the BMDL 10 of 64 mg nitrate/kg bw per day. The concern may be higher because other forages might contain higher levels of nitrate. Highest mean exposure estimates of 2.0 mg nitrate/kg bw per day in pigs’ feeds indicate a low risk for adverse health effects, when compared with an identified no observed adverse effect level ( NOAEL ) of 410 mg nitrate/kg bw per day, although the levels of exposure might be underestimated due to the absence of data on certain key ingredients in the diets of this species. Due to the limitations of the data available, the CONTAM Panel could not characterise the health risk in species other than ruminants and pigs from nitrate and in all livestock and companion animals from nitrite. Based on a limited data set, both the transfer of nitrate and nitrite from feed to food products of animal origin and the nitrate‐ and nitrite‐mediated formation of N‐nitrosamines and their transfer into these products are likely to be negligible.

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Section: Thyroid Effectssupporting

confidence: 85%

Risk assessment of nitrate and nitrite in feed

Schrenk¹,

Bignami²,

Bodin³

et al. 2020

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Η ταχεία κατάπτωση που παρατηρείται στη δηλητηρίαση από νιτρώδη ιόντα πιθα νώς να οφείλεται σε αιμοδυναμικες διαταραχές και στην αδυναμία της οξειδωμένης αιμοσφαιρίνης να μεταφέρει οξυγόνο (Valli and Parry 1993). Τα βοοειδή αντισταθμί ζουν αυτήν την κυκλοφορική ανεπάρκεια αυξάνοντας τον αριθμό των κυκλοφοροΰντων ερυθροκυττάρων και τον όγκο του αίματος (Jainudeen et al 1965). …”

Section: παθογενειαunclassified

“…Οι πνεύμονες είναι συνήθως συμφορημενοι και εμφανίζουν ερυθρό-καφε χρωματισμό (Jones and Jones 1977). Σε μόσχους, στα χρό νια περιστατικά είναι δυνατό να παρατηρηθεί και μικρή αύξηση της υπόφυσης (Jainudeen et al 1965). …”

Section: παθολογο ανατομικα ευρηματαunclassified

Nitrate poisoning in ruminants

Katsoulos

Panousis²,

Karatzias³

2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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This paper describes the nitrate - nitrite poisoning of ruminants. This disease is caused by the ingestion of large amount of nitrate salts, which are reduced in the rumen to nitrite ions. Nitrites, after their absorption, cause the formation of methemoglobin and, in turn, respiratory and circulatory distress. The aim of the treatment is to reduce the percentage of methemoglobin in blood and to stop the continuing production of nitrite ions in the rumen. For the prevention of the disease, avoidance of feedstuff rich in nitrates and improvement of the water quality, are suggested.

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“…Nitrat iyonunun hayvanlarda karotenlerin vitamin A'ya çevrilmesini sınırlandırdığı, bunların sindirim ka-nalında parçalanmasına yol açtığı ve bu vitaminin karaciğerde depolanmasını önlediği bilinmektedir. (8,12). Yine, yem ve sularda bulunan yüksek düzeyde nitrat tiroid bezine iyct alımını engelleyebilmektedir.…”

Section: Tartışma Ve Sonuçunclassified

HAYVANLARDA İÇME SUYU OLARAK KULLANILAN KUYU SULARıNDA NİTRAT VE NİTRİT DÜZEYLERİ

Yavuz¹

1993

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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Nitrate and nitrite levels in well water used in anim.als as drinking water Suınmary:The puıpose~fthis study was GirişDoğal azot dolanımınm (atmosferik azot; toprakta nitrat halinde tutulma; bitkisel protein sentezine karışma; hayvansal ve bitkisel atıklar halinde atılma; nitrat, üre ve amonyağa kadar parçalanma ve azotun atmosfere yeniden salıverilmesi) bir sonucu olarak tüm canlılar ve çevrede azota rastlanır(6). Bitkiler topraktaki azotu tü-1 Doç.Dr

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Nitrate Toxicity in Dairy Heifers. 3. Endocrine Responses to Nitrate Ingestion during Pregnancy

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Risk assessment of nitrate and nitrite in feed

Risk assessment of nitrate and nitrite in feed

Nitrate poisoning in ruminants

HAYVANLARDA İÇME SUYU OLARAK KULLANILAN KUYU SULARıNDA NİTRAT VE NİTRİT DÜZEYLERİ

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