Nitrate Removal from Ground Water: A Review

Narula, Archna; Sharma, Surinder K.; Sobti, Ranbir Chander

doi:10.1155/2012/154616

Cited by 113 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…For groundwater ecosystems with a low potential for the reduction of redox sensitive parameters such as nitrate, we recommend a reduction of anthropogenic N inputs by applying agricultural beneficial management practices (Asgedom & Kebreab, ). In situ groundwater remediation has also been shown to be suitable and effective to remove nitrate and consequently reach acceptable drinking water quality; however, this approach may be challenging in such heterogeneous groundwater systems and potentially too costly (Archna & Sobti, ; Della Rocca et al, ; Janda et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decadal Delays in Groundwater Recovery from Nitrate Contamination Caused by Low O₂ Reduction Rates

Wild

Mayer

Einsiedl

2018

Water Resources Research

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Nitrate (NO −3 ) is one of the main pollutants in agriculturally impacted groundwater systems. The availability and reactivity of electron donors control the prevalent redox conditions in aquifers and past nitrate contamination of groundwater can be ameliorated if denitrification occurs. Using aqueous geochemistry data and the stable isotope composition of dissolved nitrate ( 15 N and 18 O), we found that nitrate concentrations above the World Health Organization drinking water guideline were caused predominantly by manure and to a lesser extent by synthetic fertilizer applications and that denitrification was not a significant nitrate removal process in an aquifer in southern Germany underlying agricultural land with intensive hog farming. We also applied environmental isotopes ( 2 H and 18 O, 3 H/ 3 He, and 14 C) linked with a lumped parameter approach to determine apparent mean transit times (MTT) of groundwater that ranged from <5 years to >100 years. Furthermore, we determined low reduction rates of dissolved oxygen (O 2 ) of 0.015 1/year for first-order kinetics. By extrapolating the O 2 reduction rates beyond the apparent MTT ranges of sampled groundwater, denitrification lag times (time prior to commencement of denitrification) of approximately 114 years were determined. This suggests that it will take many decades to significantly reduce nitrate concentrations in the porous aquifer via denitrification, even if future nitrate inputs were significantly reduced.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decadal Delays in Groundwater Recovery from Nitrate Contamination Caused by Low O₂ Reduction Rates

Wild

Mayer

Einsiedl

2018

Water Resources Research

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“…According to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, the maximum limit of nitrate in drinking water is 45 mgNO 3 − /L; excessive nitrate (>45 mg/L) in the drinking water causes health risks [28]. Studies around the world indicate that nitrate concentration in groundwater in most parts of the world has not increased more than ten times of the maximum nitrate limit prescribed by WHO.…”

Section: Chemical Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate Adsorption on Clay Kaolin: Batch Tests

Mohsenipour

Shahid

Ebrahimi

2015

Journal of Chemistry

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Soils possessing kaolin, gibbsite, goethite, and hematite particles have been found to have a natural capacity to attenuate pollution in aqueous phase. On the other hand, the hydroxyl group in soil increases anion exchange capacity under a low pH condition. The main objective of this paper was to evaluate effects of kaolin on nitrate reduction under acidic condition. In order to analyze the kaolin adsorption behaviour under various conditions, four different concentrations of nitrate, 45, 112.5, 225, and 450 mgNO3-/L, with a constant pH equal to 2, constant temperature equal to 25°C, and exposure period varying from 0 to 150 minutes were considered. The capacity of nitrate adsorption on kaolin has also been studied involving two well-known adsorption isotherm models, namely, Freundlich and Longmuir. The results revealed that approximately 25% of the nitrate present in the solution was adsorbed on clay kaolin. The laboratory experimental data revealed that Freundlich adsorption isotherm model was more accurate than Longmuir adsorption model in predicting of nitrate adsorption. Furthermore, the retardation factor of nitrate pollution in saturated zone has been found to be approximately 4 in presence of kaolin, which indicated that kaolin can be used for natural scavenger of pollution in the environment.

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“…Denitrification is one of the main biological processes in the global nitrogen cycle, in which a genetically diverse group of microorganisms is able to reduce nitrate through the intermediate products of nitrite (NO 2 − ), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) to nitrogen (N 2 ) gas (Robertson and Groffman, 2015). Denitrification has been intensively studied since the late nineteenth century, both in natural systems and for industrial applications (Archna et al, 2012;Ferguson, 1994;Knowles, 1982;Kuenen and Robertson, 1988;Payne, 1981;Soares, 2000;Voorhees, 1902;Wang et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying MICP by denitrification in soils: a process analysis

Pham

Nakano

Star

et al. 2018

Environmental Geotechnics

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The process of microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) by denitrification was investigated in relation to its potential use as a ground improvement method. Liquid batch experiments indicated that the substrate solution had an optimum carbon-nitrogen ratio of 1•6 and confirmed that combining nitrate reduction and calcium carbonate precipitation leads to an efficient conversion, at which the pH is buffered slightly below 7 and the accumulation of toxic intermediate nitrogen compounds is limited. Sand column experiments confirmed that the volume and distribution of the gas phase strongly depend on the stress conditions. The produced gas volume is inversely related to the pore pressure and can be predicted based on a mass balance analysis, assuming conservation of mass and using theoretical laws of physics. At low pore pressure, the gas formed and accumulated at the top of the column, whereas calcium carbonate precipitation occurred mostly at the bottom near the substrate inlet; an excess amount of gas was produced, which vented from the sand columns and induced cracks in the sand at low confining pressures, which negatively affected the sand-stabilising effect of the calcium carbonate minerals.

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Nitrate Removal from Ground Water: A Review

Cited by 113 publications

References 36 publications

Decadal Delays in Groundwater Recovery from Nitrate Contamination Caused by Low O₂ Reduction Rates

Decadal Delays in Groundwater Recovery from Nitrate Contamination Caused by Low O₂ Reduction Rates

Nitrate Adsorption on Clay Kaolin: Batch Tests

Applying MICP by denitrification in soils: a process analysis

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Nitrate Removal from Ground Water: A Review

Cited by 113 publications

References 36 publications

Decadal Delays in Groundwater Recovery from Nitrate Contamination Caused by Low O2 Reduction Rates

Decadal Delays in Groundwater Recovery from Nitrate Contamination Caused by Low O2 Reduction Rates

Nitrate Adsorption on Clay Kaolin: Batch Tests

Applying MICP by denitrification in soils: a process analysis

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Decadal Delays in Groundwater Recovery from Nitrate Contamination Caused by Low O₂ Reduction Rates

Decadal Delays in Groundwater Recovery from Nitrate Contamination Caused by Low O₂ Reduction Rates