Nitrate Nitrogen in the Soil as a Means of Predicting the Fertilizer Nitrogen Requirements of Barley

Soper, R. J.; Racz, G. J.; Fehr, P. I.

doi:10.4141/cjss71-006

Cited by 59 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The approach used by soil testing institutions in Saskatchewan is to consider both sources of N as equally efficient (Saskatchewan Soil Testing Laboratory 1990). Nevertheless, the relative efficiency of N S with respect to N F determined in our model is in agreement with studies that have shown that on average only 60% of N F banded in the spring is available to the crop under Canadian prairie conditions (Soper et al 1971;Grant et al 1991). In moister environments, recovery of fertilizer N applied in the spring to winter wheat ranges from 51 to 68%, depending on early spring rainfall (Powlson et al 1986).…”

Section: Grain Yield Response To N and Available Watersupporting

confidence: 77%

Quantification of the yield and protein response to N and water availability by two wheat classes in the semiarid prairies

Selles¹,

Clarke²,

DePauw³

2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Selles, F., Clarke, J. M. and DePauw, R. M. 2006. Quantification of the yield and protein response to N and water availability by two wheat classes in the semiarid prairies. Can. J. Plant Sci. 86: 981-993. Genetic improvements have increased grain yield of newer wheat (Triticum spp.) cultivars relative to older benchmark cultivars. However, the improvements have been larger in the Canada Western Amber Durum wheat class (CWAD) [Triticum turgidum L. var. durum (T. durum)] than the Canada Western Red Spring class (CWRS) (Triticum aestivum L.). Thus, it is necessary to determine if N fertilizer recommendations for these two wheat classes need to be segregated. We conducted fertility trials for four CWAD and seven CWRS cultivars during 4 yr, in two soils in southwestern Saskatchewan, under fallow-and stubble-cropping to determine if there were differences in the N response of the two wheat classes under various water availability conditions. Grain yields of CWAD were consistently higher than those of CWRS, while protein concentrations were higher for CWRS than for CWAD. A regression model consisting of available water (W) plus the interactions of W with fertilizer N (N F ), N F 2 , soil NO 3 -N in the 0-to 60-cm depth (N S ), N S 2 , and with the N F × N S interaction explained 76% of the yield variability of all cultivars and site years. Inclusion of wheat class as an indicator variable increased the proportion of the explained variability to 80%, and determined that both classes of wheat had similar response to N availability, and that CWAD had a larger response to available water than CWRS. A regression model consisting of a quadratic function of N and a linear term for W with wheat class as an indicator variable explained 58% of the variability in grain protein of all varieties, and indicated that both classes had the same protein response to N availability, but that the protein of CWAD decreased faster than that of CWRS as water availability increased. Inclusion of wheat cultivars as indicator variable, instead of wheat class, did not increase the resolution of the regression model for either yield or protein responses. Results of these analyses indicate that the amount of N required for maximum yield is the same for both wheat classes. ). Il convient donc d'établir s'il faut formuler des recommandations distinctes pour la fertilisation azotée de chaque type de blé. Pendant quatre ans, les auteurs ont procédé à des essais de fertilisation sur quatre cultivars BDAOC et sept cultivars BRPOC. Les essais se sont déroulés sur deux sols du sud-ouest de la Saskatchewan, sur jachère ou sur chaume, dans des conditions variables quant à la quantité d'eau disponible. Le BDAOC donne toujours un rendement grainier supérieur à celui du BRPOC, mais le grain du BRPOC est constamment plus riche en protéines que celui du BDAOC. Un modèle de régression intégrant la quantité d'eau disponible (W) plus les interactions de W avec l'engrais N (N F ), N F 2 , la concentration de N-NO 3 dans la couche de 0 à 60 cm du sol (N S ), N S 2 et...

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Section: Grain Yield Response To N and Available Watersupporting

confidence: 77%

Quantification of the yield and protein response to N and water availability by two wheat classes in the semiarid prairies

Selles¹,

Clarke²,

DePauw³

2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Pre-plant soil NO 3 -N is often used to estimate available soil N under semiarid conditions (Soper et al 1971;Bole and Pittman 1980;Grant et al 1991a). Pre-plant soil NO 3 -N was generally 20 to 40 kg N ha -1 less than unfertilized crop N uptake in Alberta studies, but deviations of more than 50 kg N ha -1 were not uncommon (McKenzie et al 2004a, b).…”

Section: Nitrogen Fertilizermentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertilization, seeding date, and seeding rate for malting barley yield and quality in southern Alberta

McKenzie¹,

Middleton²,

Bremer³

2005

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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2005. Fertilization, seeding date, and seeding rate for malting barley yield and quality in southern Alberta. Can. J. Plant Sci. 85: 603-614. Weather conditions are often unfavourable for malting barley quality in southern Alberta, but agronomic practice may improve the probability of attaining acceptable quality. The objective of this study was to determine optimum agronomic practice (cultivar, fertilization, seeding date and seeding rate) for yield and quality of malting barley in southern Alberta. Field trials were conducted at 12 dryland sites and 2 irrigated sites over a 3-yr period (2001)(2002)(2003). At each site, five experiments were conducted with the following treatments: (1) N rate (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg N ha -1 ), (2) P rate (0, 6.5, 13 and 19.5 kg P ha -1 ), (3) K rate (0, 25 and 50 kg K ha -1 ), (4) S rate (0, 10, and 20 kg S ha -1 ), and (5) seeding date (three dates at 10-d intervals) and seeding rate (150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 viable seeds m -2 ). Seven cultivars were included in the first experiment and two cultivars were included in the remainder of the experiments. Maximum grain yields were achieved when fertilizer + available soil N (estimated from unfertilized grain N yield) exceeded 31 kg N Mg -1 maximum grain yield, whereas protein concentrations were usually acceptable if fertilizer + available soil N was between 25 and 40 kg N Mg -1 maximum grain yield. Higher N rates generally reduced kernel size. Cultivar differences in N response were negligible. Application of P, K, or S did not affect malt yield or quality. Seeding delays of ≈20 d reduced grain yields by an average of 20%, with relatively greater yield declines under drought stressed conditions. Delayed seeding did not affect or slightly increased grain protein concentration. Kernel size was both increased and decreased by delayed seeding. Increased seeding rates from 150 to 350 viable seeds m -2 generally provided small yield gains, slight reductions in grain protein concentration and reduced kernel size. The most beneficial agronomic practices for malt barley production in southern Alberta were early seeding and application of N fertilizer at rates appropriate to the expected availability of moisture and soil N. . La première expérience portait sur sept cultivars auxquels deux autres se sont rajoutés par la suite. Le rendement atteint un maximum quand le N de l'amendement plus le N disponible dans le sol (estimé d'après le rendement grainier sans fertilisation) dépassent 31 kg de N par mg de rendement grainier maximal, alors qu'on obtient une concentration en protéines généralement acceptable quand la somme des deux sources de N se situe entre 25 et 40 kg de N par mg de rendement grainier maximal. Une concentration d'azote plus élevée réduit habituellement la taille du grain. Les cultivars réagis-sent tous à peu près de la même façon à l'azote. L'application d'amendements P, K ou S ne modifie ni le rendement ni la qualité du grain pour la brasserie. Un retard de ≈ 20 jours dans les semis réduit le rendement grainier d'en...

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“…The meadow fescue suffered more water stress from drought than did the barley, as a result of its much shallower root system (Hansson and Andr~n, 1987). A literature survey of comparable field experiments, i.e., those on barley fertilized with 10-12gNm -2 as calcium-nitrate or ammonium- nitrate showed a first-year export during harvest of 45-55% of the added fertilizer (Dowdell et al, 1984;Gasser and Iordanou, 1967;Kjellerup and Dam Kofoed, 1983;N~rlund et al, 1985;Soper et al, 1971). Export figures in our investigation (55-64%) slightly exceeded that range.…”

Section: Nitrogen In Harvestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of15N in the soil-plant system during a four-year field lysimeter study with barley (Hordeum distichum L.) and perennial meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.)

Lindberg

Bonde

Bergström³

et al. 1989

Plant Soil

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An annual cereal, barley, and a perennial grass ley, meadow fescue, were grown in field lysimeters in Sweden and fertilized with 12 and 20g Ca(NO3)2-N m -2 yr -~, respectively. Isotope-labeled (15N) fertilizer was added during year 1 of the study, whereafter similar amounts of unlabeled N were added during years 2 and 3. The grass ley lysimeters were ploughed after the growing season of year 3 and sown with barley during year 4. The barley harvest in year 1 removed 59% of the added fertilizer N, while the fertilizer N export by two meadow fescue harvests in year 1 was 65%. The labeled N export decreased rapidly after year 1, especially in the barley, but increased slightly after ploughing of the grass ley.The microbial biomass, measured with the chloroform fumigation method, incorporated a maximum of 1.4-1.7% of the labeled N during the first seven weeks after application. Later on, the incorporation stabilized at less than 1% in both cropping systems.The susceptibility of the residual labeled N to mineralization was evaluated three years after application by means of long-term laboratory incubations. The curves of cumulative mineralized N were described by a two-component first-order regression model that differentiated between an available and a more recalcitrant fraction of potentially mineralizable N. There was no difference in the amounts of potentially mineralizable N between the cropping systems. The labeled N comprised 5 and 2% of the amounts of potentially mineralizable N in the available and more recalcitrant fraction, respectively. The mineralization rate constants for the labeled N were almost twice as high as for the total potentially mineralizable N. The available fraction of the total potentially mineralizable N was 12%, while twice that proportion of the labeled N was available.It was concluded that the short-term ley did not differ from the annual crop with respect to the early disposition of the fertilizer N and the behaviour of the residual organic N. 26Lindberg et al.

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Nitrate Nitrogen in the Soil as a Means of Predicting the Fertilizer Nitrogen Requirements of Barley

Cited by 59 publications

References 6 publications

Quantification of the yield and protein response to N and water availability by two wheat classes in the semiarid prairies

Quantification of the yield and protein response to N and water availability by two wheat classes in the semiarid prairies

Fertilization, seeding date, and seeding rate for malting barley yield and quality in southern Alberta

Distribution of15N in the soil-plant system during a four-year field lysimeter study with barley (Hordeum distichum L.) and perennial meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.)

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