Nitrate Levels in Community Drinking Waters and Risk of IDDM: An ecological analysis

Kostraba, Jill N; Rewers, Marian; Hamman, Richard F.

doi:10.2337/diacare.15.11.1505

Cited by 114 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This may be of particular clinical relevance, since epidemiological studies have demonstrated an increased incidence of IDDM in populations with high intake of dietary nitrites, possibly because of formation of diabetogenic nitrosoamines (Virtanen et al, 1994;Kostraba et al, 1992;Helgason et al, 1982). NO is highly unstable and is readily converted into its stable end products nitrite and nitrate (Bredt and Snyder, 1994).…”

Section: Il-1 Stimulates Islet Nitric Oxide Formation and Causes Apopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of the involvement of interleukin-1 and nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Sjöholm

1998

Cell Death Differ

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The possible involvement of the cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) and nitric oxide (NO) in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is reviewed and current and potential therapies are discussed. IDDM is a common disorder in the Western world and it is rising in incidence. In IDDM, isletinfiltrating macrophages produce IL-1 which is cytotoxic specifically to b-cells in vitro. IL-1 increases b-cell formation of NO, ceramide, prostaglandins, heat-shock proteins, and activates a protease. Additionally, IL-1 depresses b-cell energy production, insulin gene expression and cyclic AMP synthesis, and impacts negatively on different parts of the insulin stimulus-secretion coupling, actions mimicked by NO. Conversely, blocking NO formation prevented many of these effects in most reports published. Also, changes in cyclic AMP and prostaglandins seem unlikely events in mediating the cytotoxicity of IL-1, while the role of ceramide remains less clear. Peptides capable of blocking b-cell IL-1 receptors, and agents blocking NO synthesis may prove valuable in preserving b-cell function in IDDM. Although IDDM causes immense morbidity and expense, uniformly effective preventive or b-cell protective therapy is not currently available. If IL-1 is causing b-cell dysfunction in human IDDM through NO production, several processes in the IL-1-NO connection are appropriate targets for agents protecting b-cells from destruction and functional inhibition in IDDM.

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Section: Il-1 Stimulates Islet Nitric Oxide Formation and Causes Apopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of the involvement of interleukin-1 and nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Sjöholm

1998

Cell Death Differ

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“…− ion also causes diabetes and is a precursor of carcinogen [11] [12]. US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set the maximum contamination level as 44 mg/l of 3 …”

Section: Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Removal of Nitrates Ions from Aqueous Solution Using New Clay as Potential Low-Cost Adsorbent

Ouardi¹,

Qourzal²,

Alahiane³

et al. 2015

JEAS

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In the present study, we investigated the performance of clay mineral originated from a dam situated in Morocco (Agadir city), as natural, low-cost, alternative and eco-friendly adsorbent for removal of nitrates ions from aqueous solution within a batch process. The clay was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dispersive Energy of Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and surface area analysis (BET). The effects of various experimental parameters are examined such as contact time, initial concentration of pollutant, adsorbent mass and solution pH. The removal of nitrate was 71.89% at natural pH (pH = 5.1) using 1 g/l of adsorbent in 500 ml of nitrate solution having initial concentration of 300 mg/l (effect of contact time). Adsorption kinetic study revealed that the adsorption process followed first order kinetic. Theoretical correlation of the experimental equilibrium adsorption data for the NitrateNew Clay system was properly explained by the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity was Qm, exp = 244.06 mg/g at 20˚C and at natural pH (with Q m, cal = 250 mg/g). An increase in adsorbent dosage increased the percent removal of nitrate, R = 1 g/l was considered as optimum dose and was used for further study. The pH heavily affected the adsorption capacity, and the percentage removal was found to decrease with increase in pH. The obtained results indicated that this New Clay (NC) was very good adsorbent for 3 NO − , interesting alternative material with respect to more costly adsorbent used, and could be used as a highly efficient adsorbent for the separation of nitrate from drinking or waste water.

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“…This finding should be considered in the context of the significance of nitrosamine compounds in the pathogenesis of human Type i diabetes. Analyses of population-based registries of childhood diabetes have revealed an influence of nutrients, among them nitrosamines [18,19]. Why do male LDS mice transmit the tendency to develop insulitis to the next generation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In group 1, also termed "controls", neither mothers nor fathers were treated with STZ. In group 2, LDS diabetic mothers were (21) 45 + 9 7.3 _+1.5 (19) 19-+9…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous glucose intolerance in the progeny of low dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

et al. 1993

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Summary. Multiple low doses of streptozotocin (LDS) induce low-incidence diabetes mellitus in Balb/cHan and high-incidence diabetes in CD-1 mice. We studied offspring of diabetic parents in both strains. Group 1 consisted of litters from control mice with no streptozotocin treatment. Group 2 litters had an LDS diabetic mother and a control father, group 3 litters had control mother with LDS diabetic father, and group 4 litters had both, LDS diabetic mother and father. Diabetes was induced by 5 x 40 mg streptozotocin per kg on five consecutive days. Progeny of diabetic mothers showed a state of reduced glucose tolerance associated with reduced glucose disappearance during intravenous glucose tolerance test and increased insulin secretion of isolated islets of Langerhans. These metabolic abnormalities predominated in the male litters of both strains of mice. Amniotic insulin was increased ~n diabetic mothers during pregnancy. No histologic abnormalities were observed in group 2 progeny. Pancreases in male offspring of LDS diabetic CD-1 fathers (group 3) were studied for insulitis. Insulitis was found in 40 % of mice with normal glucose tolerance. A single subdiabetogenic dose of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) induced insulitis in 90 % of pancreases accompanied by reduced insulin release of isolated islets. By contrast, male Balb/cHan progeny of diabetic fathers failed to develop insulitis. In conclusion, we found (1) parental LDS diabetes was transmitted more often to male offspring, (2) maternal LDS diabetes was associated with hyperinsulin secretion and glucose intolerance in the offspring and (3) paternal LDS diabetes was accompanied by insulitis and insulin secretion deficiency in CD-1 progeny.

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Nitrate Levels in Community Drinking Waters and Risk of IDDM: An ecological analysis

Abstract: This ecological analysis suggests that low-level nitrate exposure through drinking water may play a role in the etiology of IDDM, perhaps as a promoter through the generation of free radicals.

Cited by 114 publications

References 14 publications

Aspects of the involvement of interleukin-1 and nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Aspects of the involvement of interleukin-1 and nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Effective Removal of Nitrates Ions from Aqueous Solution Using New Clay as Potential Low-Cost Adsorbent

Spontaneous glucose intolerance in the progeny of low dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

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