Nitrate leaching as affected by long‐term N fertilization on a coarse sand

Hansen, Ebbe Stender; Djurhuus, J.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.1996.tb00543.x

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…2c), rather than linear, which is consistent with previous analysis (Hansen and Djurhuus, 1996;Lord and Mitchell, 1998;Simmelsgaard and Djurhuus, 1998;Fern andez-Escobar et al, 2004;Di and Cameron, 2007;Sun et al, 2008;Huang et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2014;Xue et al, 2014;Amon-Armah et al, 2015). Fig.…”

Section: Nonlinearity Of Leaching Response To N Ratesupporting

confidence: 81%

Quantifying nitrogen leaching response to fertilizer additions in China's cropland

Gao

Zhou

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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a b s t r a c tAgricultural soils account for more than 50% of nitrogen leaching (L N ) to groundwater in China. When excess levels of nitrogen accumulate in groundwater, it poses a risk of adverse health effects. Despite this recognition, estimation of L N from cropland soils in a broad spatial scale is still quite uncertain in China. The uncertainty of L N primarily stems from the shape of nitrogen leaching response to fertilizer additions (N rate ) and the role of environmental conditions. On the basis of 453 site-years at 51 sites across China, we explored the nonlinearity and variability of the response of L N to N rate and developed an empirical statistical model to determine how environmental factors regulate the rate of N leaching (LR). The result shows that L N -N rate relationship is convex for most crop types, and varies by local hydro-climates and soil organic carbon. Variability of air temperature explains a half (~52%) of the spatial variation of LR. The results of model calibration and validation indicate that incorporating this empirical knowledge into a predictive model could accurately capture the variation in leaching and produce a reasonable upscaling from site to country. The fertilizer-induced L N in 2008 for China's cropland were 0.88 ± 0.23 TgN (1s), significantly lower than the linear or uniform model, as assumed by Food and Agriculture Organization and MITERRA-EUROPE models. These results also imply that future policy to reduce N leaching from cropland needs to consider environmental variability rather than solely attempt to reduce N rate .

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Section: Nonlinearity Of Leaching Response To N Ratesupporting

confidence: 81%

Quantifying nitrogen leaching response to fertilizer additions in China's cropland

Gao

Zhou

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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“…The effect of vadose zone permeability on groundwater NO 3 -N distribution was recognised by (Vellidis et al, 1996) who observed low N leaching associated with low subsoil permeability and (Hansen and Djurhuus, 1996) observed high N leaching with high subsoil permeability. (Richards et al, 2005) observed lower groundwater NO 3 -N occurrence in deeper wells with clay soils with no cropland nearby but they could not separate the effect of K sat from landuse or well depth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting nitrate distribution in shallow groundwater under a beef farm in South Eastern Ireland

Fenton

Richards

Kirwan

et al. 2009

Journal of Environmental Management

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a b s t r a c tGroundwater contamination was characterised using a methodology which combines shallow groundwater geochemistry data from 17 piezometers over a 2 yr period in a statistical framework and hydrogeological techniques. Nitrate-N (NO 3 -N) contaminant mass flux was calculated across three control planes (rows of piezometers) in six isolated plots. Results showed natural attenuation occurs on site although the method does not directly differentiate between dilution and denitrification. It was further investigated whether NO 3 -N concentration in shallow groundwater (<5 m below ground level) generated from an agricultural point source on a 4.2 ha site on a beef farm in SE Ireland could be predicted from saturated hydraulic conductivity (K sat ) measurements, ground elevation (m Above Ordnance Datum), elevation of groundwater sampling (screen opening interval) (m AOD) and distance from a dirty water point pollution source. Tobit regression, using a background concentration threshold of 2.6 mg NO 3 -N L À1 showed, when assessed individually in a step wise procedure, K sat was significantly related to groundwater NO 3 -N concentration. Distance of the point dirty water pollution source becomes significant when included with K sat in the model. The model relationships show areas with higher K sat values have less time for denitrification to occur, whereas lower K sat values allow denitrification to occur. Areas with higher permeability transport greater NO 3 -N fluxes to ground and surface waters. When the distribution of Cl À was examined by the model, K sat and ground elevation had the most explanatory power but K sat was not significant pointing to dilution having an effect. Areas with low NO 3 concentration and unaffected Cl À concentration points to denitrification, low NO 3 concentration and low Cl À chloride concentration points to dilution and combining these findings allows areas of denitrification and dilution to be inferred. The effect of denitrification is further supported as mean groundwater NO 3 -N was significantly (P < 0.05) related to groundwater N 2 /Ar ratio, redox potential (Eh), dissolved O 2 and N 2 and was close to being significant with N 2 O (P ¼ 0.08). Calculating contaminant mass flux across more than one control plane is a useful tool to monitor natural attenuation. This tool allows the identification of hot spot areas where intervention other than natural attenuation may be needed to protect receptors.

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“…Since 1942, 13 long-term replicated studies were initiated with a broad range of soil and crop management treatments. In addition to the development of practical crop productivity information, these long-term studies provided a resource for scientists from diverse disciplines evaluating treatment eff ects on numerous soil properties and processes including soil erosion (Gantzer et al, 1991), soil biology and organic matter (Miles and Brown, 2011;Paustian et al, 1998;Dick, 1992), soil fertility (Girma et al, 2007;Davis et al, 2003;Overman and Scholtz, 2002), soil physical properties (Blanco-Canqui and Schlegel, 2013), and environmental quality (Haberle and Kaš, 2012;Hansen and Djurhuus, 1996).…”

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Corn Yield and Grain Nutrient Uptake from 50 Years of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization

Schlegel

Havlin

2017

Agronomy Journal

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Core Ideas Initiated in 1961, a 50‐yr field study quantified continuous irrigated corn response to annual N and P rates. Positive N–P interactions on grain yield and grain N/P concentrations were documented. Economic optimum N rate varied greatly over years, but averaged ∼175 kg N ha−1 (1992‐2010). Significantly greater apparent fertilizer N recovery in grain (∼45%) occurred with P fertilization compared to no P (∼20%). Long‐term field studies can be used to improve nutrient effects on productivity. Long‐term agricultural field experiments provide valuable information regarding the effects of nutrient inputs on crop productivity. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of 50 yr of annual N and P application on irrigated continuous corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield, grain nutrient uptake, and economic optimum N rates. Six N (0, 45, 90, 134, 179, and 224 kg N ha−1) and three P rates (0, 20, and 40 kg P ha−1) in a factorial arrangement were applied annually from 1992 to 2010 to a Ulysses silt loam near Tribune, KS. From 1961 to 1991, only two P rates (0 and 20 kg P ha−1) were applied with the six N rates. During the last 19 yr, grain yield increased 20% with P alone and 103% with N alone; however, N and P applied together increased grain yields up to 225% compared to the unfertilized control. The N rate required for maximum profit at 20 and 40 kg P ha−1 averaged 172 and 180 kg N ha−1, respectively. At the economic optimum N rate of 172 kg N ha−1, apparent fertilizer nitrogen recovery in grain (AFNRg) was 44% and apparent fertilizer phosphorus recovery (AFPRg) was 63 and 44% with 20 and 40 kg P ha−1, respectively. Fifty years of irrigated corn response to N and P fertilization demonstrated a strong positive interaction between N and P on grain yield, apparent N and P recovery, and profitability.

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Nitrate leaching as affected by long‐term N fertilization on a coarse sand

Cited by 41 publications

References 19 publications

Quantifying nitrogen leaching response to fertilizer additions in China's cropland

Quantifying nitrogen leaching response to fertilizer additions in China's cropland

Factors affecting nitrate distribution in shallow groundwater under a beef farm in South Eastern Ireland

Corn Yield and Grain Nutrient Uptake from 50 Years of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization

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