Nitrate in groundwater of China: Sources and driving forces

Gu, Baojing; Ge, Ying; Chang, Scott X.; Luo, Weidong; Chang, Jie

doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.05.004

Cited by 299 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Global and local N pollution can take the form of toxic nitrate-laden water bodies, hypoxic zones, acidic soils and increases in atmospheric nitrous oxide (Davidson, 2009;Gu et al, 2013;Robertson and Vitousek, 2009;Tilman et al, 2002;Turner et al, 2008). Manipulating nitrate supply in controlled conditions is an avenue to understanding how crops acquire, store and remobilize nitrate to achieve and maintain maximum productivity whilst minimizing the loss of reactive N to the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-anthesis nitrate uptake is critical to yield and grain protein content in Sorghum bicolor

Worland

Robinson

Jordan

et al. 2017

Journal of Plant Physiology

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Crops only use 50% of applied nitrogen (N) fertilizer creating N losses and pollution. Plants need to efficiently uptake and utilize N to meet growing global food demands. Here we investigate how the supply and timing of nitrate affects N status and yield in Sorghum bicolor (sorghum). Sorghum was grown in pots with either 10 mM (High) or 1 mM (Low) nitrate supply. Shortly before anthesis the nitrate supply was either maintained, increased 10-fold or eliminated. Leaf sheaths of sorghum grown with High nitrate accumulated nitrate in concentrations >3-times higher than leaves. Removal of nitrate supply pre-anthesis resulted in the rapid reduction of stored nitrate in all organs. Plants receiving a 10-fold increase in nitrate supply pre-anthesis achieved similar grain yield and protein content and 29% larger grains than those maintained on High nitrate, despite receiving 24% less nitrate over the whole growth period. In sorghum, plant available N is important throughout development, particularly anthesis and grain filling, for grain yield and grain protein content. Nitrate accumulation in leaf sheaths presents opportunities for the genetic analysis of mechanisms behind nitrate storage and remobilization in sorghum to improve N use efficiency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-anthesis nitrate uptake is critical to yield and grain protein content in Sorghum bicolor

Worland

Robinson

Jordan

et al. 2017

Journal of Plant Physiology

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“…However, there was a rising trend in Nr emissions via gaseous and liquid carriers following disposal over the study period. The amount of Nr loss by landfill leaching rose dramatically, resulting in it becoming the fastest growing source of nitrate contamination in groundwater, secondary only to farmland leaching (Gu et al 2013a). Similarly, the amount of gaseous Nr emissions increased gradually from 2000 to 2012.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Beijing Nr Emissions With Pollution mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In China, the number of urban areas designated as cities increased from 132 in early 1949 to 657 in 2012 with urban populations growing from 10.60 to 52.57 %, highlighting the increasing role of cites as sources of N, even after waste treatment (Gu et al 2013a). Liu et al (2015) found that the amount of N from industry and wastewater treatment discharged into water bodies in Shanghai city increased significantly from 60.1 × 10 3 t N in 1980 to 116.2 × 10 3 t N in 2000, despite the spread of sewage treatment systems and improvements in treatment technology.…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantitative evaluation of reactive nitrogen emissions with urbanization: a case study in Beijing megacity, China

Xian

Ouyang

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The rapid increase in anthropogenic nitrogen (N) load in urbanized environment threatens urban sustainability. In this study, we estimated the amount of reactive N (Nr) as an index of N pollution potential caused by human activities, using the megacity of Beijing as a case study. We investigated the temporal changes in Nr emissions in the environment from 2000 to 2012 using a multidisciplinary approach with quantitative evaluation. The Nr emissions presented slightly increasing during study period, and the annual emission was 0.19 Tg N, mainly resulting from fuel combustion. Nevertheless, the Nr output intensity resulting from inhabitants' livelihoods and material production had weakened over the study period. The evaluation results showed that the environmental measures to remove Nr in Beijing were efficient in most years, suggesting that progress in mitigating the growth of the Nr load in this urban environment was significant. Further measures based on N offset are suggested that could help alleviate the environmental pressure resulting from anthropogenic Nr emissions. These could provide theoretical support for the sustainable development of megacities.

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“…When excess levels of nitrate ðNO 3 À Þ accumulate in groundwater, it poses a risk of methaemoglobinaemia in infants and risks of gastric and oesophageal cancers (Fewtrell, 2004;Nolan and Hitt, 2006;WHO, 2011). Nitrate in groundwater aquifers has represented a major environmental problem worldwide, particularly in Europe, USA, and South and East Asia (Nolan and Hitt, 2006;Wick et al, 2012;Gu et al, 2013;Rodríguez-Lado et al, 2013). In China, where groundwater provides 20% of the total water supply (Qiu, 2011;Zheng and Liu, 2013), the nitrate levels in more than 25% of samples taken in croplands during 2000e2009 exceeded the World Health * This paper has been recommended for acceptance by Charles Wong.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organization (WHO) recommended maximum limit of 10 mg/L (NO 3 eN; Gu et al, 2013). Such conditions indicate the likelihood of adverse health effects in nearby rural residents, particularly in north and northwest China (Liu et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying nitrogen leaching response to fertilizer additions in China's cropland

Gao

Zhou

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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a b s t r a c tAgricultural soils account for more than 50% of nitrogen leaching (L N ) to groundwater in China. When excess levels of nitrogen accumulate in groundwater, it poses a risk of adverse health effects. Despite this recognition, estimation of L N from cropland soils in a broad spatial scale is still quite uncertain in China. The uncertainty of L N primarily stems from the shape of nitrogen leaching response to fertilizer additions (N rate ) and the role of environmental conditions. On the basis of 453 site-years at 51 sites across China, we explored the nonlinearity and variability of the response of L N to N rate and developed an empirical statistical model to determine how environmental factors regulate the rate of N leaching (LR). The result shows that L N -N rate relationship is convex for most crop types, and varies by local hydro-climates and soil organic carbon. Variability of air temperature explains a half (~52%) of the spatial variation of LR. The results of model calibration and validation indicate that incorporating this empirical knowledge into a predictive model could accurately capture the variation in leaching and produce a reasonable upscaling from site to country. The fertilizer-induced L N in 2008 for China's cropland were 0.88 ± 0.23 TgN (1s), significantly lower than the linear or uniform model, as assumed by Food and Agriculture Organization and MITERRA-EUROPE models. These results also imply that future policy to reduce N leaching from cropland needs to consider environmental variability rather than solely attempt to reduce N rate .

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Nitrate in groundwater of China: Sources and driving forces

Cited by 299 publications

References 32 publications

Post-anthesis nitrate uptake is critical to yield and grain protein content in Sorghum bicolor

Post-anthesis nitrate uptake is critical to yield and grain protein content in Sorghum bicolor

Quantitative evaluation of reactive nitrogen emissions with urbanization: a case study in Beijing megacity, China

Quantifying nitrogen leaching response to fertilizer additions in China's cropland

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