Single phase Eu 3þ -doped Na 3 Bi(PO 4 ) 2 (NBPO) nanoparticles with different Eu 3þ concentrations are successfully synthesized by a molten-salten method using Na 3 PO 4 Á 12H 2 O both as reaction medium and as reactant. The influence of synthesis conditions such as the Na 3 PO 4 Á 12H 2 O content, heating temperature, and time on the crystal structure of the final products is investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It reveals that pure phase Na 3 Bi(PO 4 ) 2 nanoparticles with size about 100 nm are successfully achieved when the mixture (molar ratio of 1:4 between Bi(NO 3 ) 3 Á 5H 2 O and Na 3 PO 4 Á 12H 2 O) is heated at 180 C for 12 h. After Eu 3þ -doping, NBPO:Eu 3þ nanoparticles exhibit bright red emission peaking at 620 nm under the excitation of the near ultraviolet (NUV) light. The luminescence is attributed to the electric dipole transition 5 D 0 ! 7 F 2 of Eu 3þ ions. The luminescent intensity of the NBPO:Eu 3þ phosphors is strongly dependent on the Eu 3þ content and concentration quenching occurred when the Eu 3þ concentration is larger than 8 mol%, which is attributed to dipole-dipole interaction. This work provides a green way for the synthesis of phosphate-based nanomaterials and suggests that Eu 3þdoped Na 3 Bi(PO 4 ) 2 has a great potential application in the lighting and display fields.